In that both are "microblogging" social networks, yes. The official app feels much like the Twitter app. And all the important user facing concepts are the same. Posts, reposts, quote posts and replies all work the same.

Then you also have custom feeds in addition to the built in feeds. So people will make things like language specific feeds, feeds to follow a group of people (e.g. politicians), etc.

Then there is a whole federated protocol, ATProto [1], underneath that has some interesting properties that also solves some of the issue faced with scalability and portability in the Fediverse protocol.

[1] https://atproto.com/