The best way to determine the validity of a paper is to give it to a team of grad students in a journal club.
They will immediately find large numbers of flaws (in any paper), some of which may invalidate the conclusion.
Papers which survive multiple rounds of attempts to invalidate the conclusion, are less likely to be incorrect.
You can't just naively go in and ask "did they follow the scientific method" or "does the data make sense", etc, unless you understand the field in enough detail to not repeat the copious mistakes of past generations.
For example, this study is retrospective, while the RECOVERY study was designed to be prospective (if I read their study design correctly; I'm not an epidemiologist, my phd is in biophysics). In general, retrospective studies produce less convincing evidence and so if yuou asked me to compare the results of the two studies, I would place more weight on RECOVERY. IIUC it also has a larger sample size. But all these things pale in comparison to complex, detailed analysis of the study plans to identify any major mistakes.