The science juries have always favored the individual over the group. It goes back to Nobel’s preference for one winner per category, which made good sense when most scientists toiled alone and the best of them—a Louis Pasteur or a Joseph Lister—might single-handedly pull off a miracle. Times have changed, yet the rules, amended slightly to include three yearly recipients, still project a “winner-take-all” attitude in an increasingly collaborative scientific world.
Complicating this problem is the committee’s preference for “original discoveries” over “practical applications.” In doing so, it has denied the prize in physiology or medicine to some of the most fabled researchers of the past century, including Jonas Salk, developer of the polio vaccine. With his file now open for inspection, we can see that Salk was nominated and rejected for the prize on several occasions, the main obstacle being one juror’s repeated charge that his work relied too heavily on the building blocks of others—in short, it provided “nothing new.” ....
<https://www.wsj.com/science/the-nobel-prizes-need-a-makeover...>
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May be of possible interest.