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Friedman & Felleisen - The Little Schemer. The style doesn't work as well for me personally, but it's clearly very short and a popular way into the language and the way of thought.

Stroustrup - A Tour of C++. Getting a bit dated, but given how large the language has become over the decades, having a short synopsis can be quite valuable.

Rudin - Principles of Mathematical Analysis (aka "baby rudin"). Not as short as the others, but worth the read.

Emil Artin - Galois Theory. It has a super brief chapter on linear algebra and determinants that is extremely on-point.

Spivak - Calculus on manifolds. Not my personal favorite, but it's short and super classic.

Milnor - Topology from the differentiable viewpoint. Super-brief classic.

A. I. Khinchin - Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory

F. A. Ficken - The Simplex Method of Linear Programming

K & R - The C programming language

Emil Artin - The Gamma Function

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