: is a special built-in that always succeeds and always returns an exit of 0. You typically use it when you need a command for syntax reasons, but don't actually need/want to run a command.
Example?
it makes the smiley face look very sad : <
while giving an exit status of zero (in this case only if bash can resolve the input redirection by opening that tcp port)
it's equivalent to 'true'. It returns a successful value