ICANN's official position is "politics has no place in ICANN".

A country TLD belongs to that country, period. As long as that country exists (or has historically existed during the timeframe of TLD ownership, in the cases of legacy TLDs such as .s(oviet)u(nion)), they have exclusive use and control of it.

Yes, that even means if the Internet existed in the 1930s, some-anti-jew-website.gov.de could legally and rightfully exist as a registered domain under the German TLD, and not be in violation of ICANN rules, no matter how disgusting, wrong, and harmful that website is.

It is up to the registry owner of that TLD to enforce laws relevant to their locality and the Internet. To continue with the example, today's .de, obviously, would not allow such a domain to be registered, especially not from their own government, and also not be in violation of ICANN rules to enforce that.

I don't know about China but Russia explicitly plans to keep its internet working even if the cables are cut at the border.

Net is designed to route around nuclear war, I'm sure we can all work together and route around the US congress