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It's called the GDS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_distribution_system

It started with airlines, but eventually included everything from hotels to rental cars.

The space is more or less dominated by a few big players. Sabre. Amadeus. Travelport.

GDS is the backbone of all of these booking platforms as far as I'm aware.

GDS. A Global Distribution System is a worldwide reservation system that acts as a conduit between travel bookers and suppliers, such as hotels, other accommodation providers and other travel related services.

I mean there is only one pipeline, to which are contributing many actors, like big agencies (booking, expedia), car rental, airlines, etc. Together, they act as one.