The microcontroller can't really help deal with the dip-switch mess because it would have no way of sensing whether the monitor supports Composite sync/Sync-on-green etc
https://hackaday.com/2023/03/31/could-1080p-video-output-fro...
Maybe an pi5 could handle all three channels in 8-bit, depending on how the RP1 actually works. I'm hoping that it can handle a 40msps 10-bit ADC - a Domesday Duplicator hat would be wonderful.
The other option would be to find a vga->hdmi convertor that likes the signal coming out from this board, then you could plug that into anything modern.
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When I first saw this I thought it was about an actual 9" classic mac, which I guess would be useful but IMO those are really designed around the CRT too much to make a replacement 'fit' well.
It is also useful for several other kinds of machines such as the Amiga