It's not authoritative as I am not an expert yet but might still be of interest: https://sebinsua.com/algorithmic-bathwater#what-kind-of-prob...
It’s all about time and space complexity and analysis of given functions.
The benefits of algorithm selection only really started to become apparent after years of experience and know-how in what _exactly_ an application requires or intends to be used as. Knowledge that is skipped at all levels of computer science education.
E.g. Write a platform agnostic backtrack algorithm, and fastest 3 in the course got extra credit.
https://www.redblobgames.com/ is a really good resource that gives a lot of context, and doesn't shy away from technical details.
Rosetta Code is a good resource for that.