Sorry, often enough it
is incompetence and malice. Just look how much all the various dictators of "officially" piss poor third world countries have looted away. Robert Mugabe, who wrecked Zimbabwe, is suspected to have looted over a billion dollars [1], and he's just a small fish compared to what other dictators have looted [2]. Libya is one of the world's top oil reserve holders, and yet the country is in shambles, with war lords not caring about anything. Venezuela just the same, tons of oil but mismanagement has worn down everything so massively that they depend on foreign imports of refined oil products, not to mention food.
Were it not for utter incompetence, these places would be swimming in money - enough money to restart local agricultural production and provide wealth to all citizens to a degree that would let Europeans look at them like when they do at a transit in Dubai.
Fun fact: a lot of this wealth is safely guarded here in Europe. We could seize it any day we wanted.
> Similar thing goes for poppies and cocaine, if we legalised or regulated these drugs adequately, we would not be paying billuons to cartels. Cartels in South America would not exist without the US market.
Fully agree with you on that. The "war on drugs" has brought nothing but suffering for the people and nature, and probably hundreds of billions of dollars for cartels.
[1] https://money.com/robert-mugabe-zimbabwe-net-worth-assets/
[2] https://lists.ng/13-richest-african-dictators/