It isn't surprising people in the mainstream have never heard of her. Virtually everything she did was abstract algebra and the only connection her work had to real life was studying some invariants of relativity (read: very high level, very specialized). Similarly, how many people have heard of Sierpinski, Voronoy or even Hilbert?
While important, the sort of work she did doesn't lead you to fame. As an applied mathematician I never directly used any of her theorems. The word "ring" (let alone "noetherian") doesn't even appear in my thesis.
There is only one famous mathematician in the world. His name is "that crazy guy played by Russel Crowe".