That’s not easy to answer, because it’s not quite an apples to apples comparison if you start factoring in libraries, frameworks and the specific workload.

My rule of thumbs:

Python has similar performance characteristics as Ruby.

With Java/C#/Go you’d expect about an order of magnitude of improvement.

With naive Rust/C++ you would likely be at the same average speed as Java for web applications but with less memory usage. Well until you make an effort to produce faster code.