German sociologist Max Weber was wondering the same question about a century ago and wrote a whole book about it called "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism". The part where he talks about the Protestant notion of calling comes very close to what you described.
I read it a decade ago so the details are a bit fuzzy but I think the gist of it was it's super difficult to get into the heaven in Protestantism (it's actually pre-determined in Calvinism I think) and one needs to devote themselves to some task to avoid sinful earthly distractions. Also charitable works are kinda meaningless because only through faith you can be saved. So you have all these people who work all the time and who do not spend that much on poor people or themselves which helps with capital accumulation. Also with that mindset business becomes an end into itself that should be pursued for its own good so Weber thought this fostered the separation of personal affairs and business iirc.