It is just ping data. We ping an IP address, get the RTT, draw a radius on the globe, and say that the IP could be anywhere inside that radius. Then we do another ping and draw another radius, and at the cross-section of the two radii could be your IP address. Now, if we do it enough times, we can get an estimate of where the IP address is located.

The data is not derived from the IP address itself, but rather from the process itself. And it's just a ping. Moreover, the majority of the IP addresses are not pingable. So, we rely on other in house statistical and scientific models to estimate the location. The probe infrastructure is extremely complicated and there are billions and billions of IP addresses, which is why we do not have a robust range filter mechanism.

You can implement a dynamic ping blocking mechanism or use our data to find hosting ASNs and block ranges of those ASNs. You can download the database for free: https://ipinfo.io/developers/ip-to-country-asn-database