Apple ditches the Lightning connector in favor of USB-C after 11 years
techcrunch.com
techcrunch.com
If they really wanted to they could have always waited for USB-C to mature to jump straight from the iPod connector straight to USB-C. Or they could have made Lightning an open standard. They did neither.
The Brussels effect once again.
USB-C was published and finalized in August 2014.
Pour one out though. It’s still a fine connector. 11-12 years-ish ain’t too bad, shame that Apple never prioritize data transfer rates though and to be honest, still don’t seem to care that much judging by the base models.
And, perhaps a contrary opinion, but the I still think lightning is easier to insert than usb-C. The curved edges and smaller size mean you can begin inserting it at an odd angle and finish the insertion easily. Whereas you need to insert usb-C nearly straight on for it to get in.
Also because the lightning cable's male end is solid, there's no way for dust to collect in there, unlike USB-C where dust can collect inside both the cable end and the peripheral end.
Though overall I would trade that for 1 fewer cable/port that I need to manage in my life.
As testament to the durability, the lightning connector was sufficiently durable that Apple would display the iPhone on a spike with nothing more than the lightning connector at the very tip to hold up the phone, constantly being handled and replaced by curious store visitors - this approach was also mirrored in the lightning dock design, where the phone was held in place (at an angle no less) with no other secondary support, only the singular lightning connector holding up the phone with such robustness that one could interact with the phone without concern.
Lightning is and remains to be incredibly durable and sturdy, far exceeding the spec of the type-C connection standard. For a phone or accessories it's a much more pragmatic connector, and a pity to see it go.
USB-C because is not engineered for this level of abuse. From a fatigue perspective USB-C is absolutely a step backwards, tongued designs are weaker, there is no getting around that. I will be interested to see how apple show USB-C iPhones in store, if they keep the lightning-plinth or utilise a design with a back support to limit the wear on the plinth's connector.
-- From this point is a commentary on the politics that helped influence this change, feel free to skip it. tl,dr: The laws surrounding USB-C are short-sighted, focused on the wrong aspects of computing waste, and create a future problem. --
The dogmatic persistence in unifying the world on the cable of the day is short sighted and disappointing politicking to me. Type-C will be superseded, but getting the critical mass to transition to a new standard will be muted because manufacturers can't legally move major products to it. Legislators have created a problem for the not-too-distant future, there will be temporary harmony on type-C, and then invariably we will have country-to-country inconsistencies in legislation as newer, better, connectors emerge.
It's clear to me that regulation is focusing on the wrong aspects of phone design. Instead of mandating for year on year support, long term security software updates, clean manufacturing standards, appropriate materials & labour sourcing, plus a minimum performance benchmark to prevent cheap junk phones entering the market (and thus fast-tracked to landfill) we have the introduction of laws asking what cable an Apple user pulls out of their satchel when wireless charging isn't available. The idea seems to be that now a person would have one cable instead of two(?)
Here's a common example: When I signed up for my internet package, it included a free tablet computer - there was no way to opt out of receiving it, it came pre-installed with software that had known security vulnerabilities, it used microUSB, and its performance was too poor to hold any modern function. Even the person I gave it to had let me know that it was put into electronics recycling after less than a year. This product's manufacture, materials, and shipping created significantly more waste than any amount of lightning cables that a person could feasibly use in an entire lifetime.
It's utter insanity that legislators haven't attempted to address the real sources of environmental damage, human rights abuses, and the very real security issue that these junk devices present. Fixation on the connector has been nothing more than political hand waving. I'm not against type-C, I prefer it, but it's clear to me that people who think this is a real issue are blindsighted.
Another problem I had with USB-C, is that just because it fits physically, doesn't actually mean it will work since what's inside the cable can be dramatically different. In my personal life:
- the Nintendo Switch uses a proprietary USB-C interface for the power brick, they somehow feed ethernet internet through it
- thunderbolt docks need thunderbolt USB-C cables. And there's thunderbolt 2,3,4.
- my magsafe phone charger uses a USB-C end, but needs to be plugged into a special power brick to get full power
This is actually... somewhat worse because now I have multiple USB-C cables that all have a different purpose that I can't tell apart from a glance (because the connectors are all the same!)
Apple do label their type-C cables with the logo of the standard it supports, but for most consumers they're not going to be immediately familiar with this approach, especially as lightning just works for anything that it can be plugged into.
This is a bit of a dated article, but the points it makes still largely stand - people are going to run into some of these problems and not understand why they're happening. Imagine a scenario where you can plug a vacuum into a power socket, only to discover that it doesn't work - your first assumption will be that the vacuum is broken, and not an obscure standards mismatch.
https://www.howtogeek.com/353410/3-problems-with-usb-c-you-n...
I imagine they will use MagSafe mounts and anti-theft tethers, which they've been rolling out over the last few years.
"Apple’s connector supported USB 3.0 host, but the only accessory that fully supported this feature was the camera adapter that includes a USB-A port. Most Lightning cables to this day support only USB 2.0, with a maximum data transfer speed of 60MBps."
I seem to recall when lightning was announced, someone (probably Steve) said it was faster than the 30 pin. Then again Steve was known to blow smoke of products (remember, FaceTime was open source according to Steve when announced).
However, that would have required active/negotiating Lightning-to-USB-3 cables or adapters, since USB 3 requires three lanes, i.e. one more (two for SuperSpeed connections, and one for legacy USB 2.0 high speed connections), and the adapter/cable would have to figure out which one the connected host wants to speak and wire accordingly.
At least one iPad does support USB 3 speeds over Lightning, but only in the other direction, i.e. when acting as an USB host using the "Lightning to USB camera adapter", which was really a generic USB host adapter and supported many more types of devices like audio interfaces, hard drives etc. – I suspect that adapter must be doing just that.
There are two straightforward ways to avoid that and allow passive adapters/cables.
1. Use the two "Identification/control" pins to run the low speed lane.
2. Use both sides when supporting USB 3.
How much e-waste was actually created?
All my several Lightning cables from various Apple device purchases are sitting in my excess cable pile [1], along with a bazillion USB cables from all my non-Apple device purchases, because usually the only times I need a new cable when I get a new device is when every prior device I've purchased that uses the same cable is still in use.
If my Apple devices had used USB I'd still have the same number of cables in my excess cable pile.
From an e-waste perspective what we need to do is stop including cables with everything.
[1] My phone gets charged wirelessly. My iPad does get charged by cable, but I use an Anker 3-in-1 cable that has a USB micro-B end with a couple captive adaptors for USB C and Lightning. I use another of the Anker cables for charging my wireless mouse and keyboard.
Having more of one cable type reduces the need for people to buy replacements for damaged cables because there are more spares available. A significant amount of consumers have only 1 usb-c or lightning cable lying around.
Cables also aren't the only issue, various accessories are designed to be lightning compatible like AV adapters.
The e-waste between all these factors is significant just because over a billion smartphones are shipped yearly. Even a little unnecessary waste adds up quick at that scale. Which justifies the course of action the EU took.
Thinking about it the logistics don't work out for the iPhone 6 launch when I look more carefully. It would have been possible for Apple to ship usb-c with the 6s if they really wanted to get it done.
I'm not sure why you're being such a stickler. I did say "6 or 6s". You also made an even larger chronological error than the one I made in the process of correcting me, so you ought to emphasise with my carelessness. After all - if I'm supposed to be akin to somebody who believes diesel locomotives could have stopped climate change in the 19th century, what does that say about yourself?
I'm not them, but from observing the discourse it's clear they have a better grasp of past events and are being far more reasonable.
For example, perhaps they are mindful that:
1. At the iPhone 6 stage EU legislation was asking phone makers to use MicroUSB standard, not the type C connector.
2. Apple had only recently changed to the lightning connector, switching again so quickly to new, unproven, connector is not smart. Especially one that at the time didn't have much hardware support, didn't support all of the modes needed by Lightning and wasn't being requested by regulatory bodies.
3. The EU's USB Type C mandate isn't even active until late 2024 and only applies to newly released devices. i.e. Both the iPhone 15 and iPhone 16 could have come with lightning.
4. Apple phone's are designed far longer than a year in advance. Apple have stated numerously that their product development is a many years long process and that they're actively planning multiple products for years in advance. This is also necessary aspect of developing products for mass production.
The product path and decisions suggested to implement the type C connector in an iPhone 6 is naive, largely ignorant to product development and based on present-day attitudes to USB Type C.
It's switching connectors that's wasteful, and the EU thing is causing more switching sooner.
A better idea would have been to require Apple and others to switch to the standard connector the next time they change the connector for a product line, without a specific timeline.
Oh well. It may not be good for the planet, but at least we get to dunk on Apple!
Apple’s decision to switch to USB-C now might have to do with the EU mandated deadline to switch to USB-C.
If the EU had not set a deadline, then Apple might have waited longer. The longer between switches, the less overall switching in a given period of time, and therefore a reduced rate of switching-generated ewaste.
I guess this stuff is a little too complex for the average voter to follow and the EU politicians saw an opportunity for an easy win, never mind the extra ewaste generated.
If they complained about that, they're wrong. Lightning was their first switch in connector after the original 30-pin, and this is their second switch ever. But I'm sure we can strap in for a year or 2 of people complaining about how "Apple always changes the connector" even though it's been twice in a couple decades (30-pin started with the iPod)
While I'm sure they certainly enjoyed the selfish benefits of Lightning until now, there's something to be said that it's a pro-consumer move to let people continue to use their cables and accessories for a decade before making the jump. Even after doing this now, I'm already preparing to hear people complain about how this move is a money grab.
Then manufacturers of accessories and consumers could have chosen whether to buy Lightning stuff or to wait.
My criticisms of Apple are vast, but their proprietary connectors never made the list.
It's a lot less of an issue now a lot of stuff is wireless (even against one's desire), and USB-C's been there for a decade and has had time for accessories to surface with Android being mostly on there, even if the PC side remains mostly dreary.
Plus since Apple has been slowly switching ipads over for a few years now I'd assume even in their galaxy there's a bunch of type C accessories available.
It's going to be even worse switching away from USB-C in 2033.
Apple always tends to overcomplicate their stuff, and tends to make it very expensive.
I think it was less "switching connectors frequently" and more having to replace an entire ecosystem of devices, there were a ton of accessories with hardwired 30-pins which people had to throw out in the switch to lightning.
But yes, they did basically promise they would stick to it for a decade.
The discussion on iphone moving to USB-C is far from over.
This implies 10Gbps (USB 3.1 gen 2x1 or 3.2 gen 1x2) on the pro and 480Mbps (USB 2.0) on the standard phone.
480Mbps is so bad you're better off using Wifi in every situation I can think of.
So my theory now is next year the non-Pro iPhone 16's will have an A17 Bionic that doesn't have the faster transfer speeds. It seems like Apple considers the fast transfer speeds a purely Pro feature, pretty much exclusively for ProRaw photos and ProRes videos. For all other use cases, I think they'd rather incentivize people to use AirDrop and iCloud for moving files around.
iPhone: still USB 2.0 (480Mbps)
iPhone Pro: USB 3.1* (10Gbps)
* technically either USB 3.2 Gen 1x2 or USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 because of the silly naming conventions
I guess not buying a new phone will save the world some e-waste, so mission accomplished.
Transfer speeds are because of the iPhone hardware itself, not because of Lightning. The early iPad Pros had high transfer speeds. And case in point the new non-pro iPhone 15 still has slow transfer speed over USB-C.
They should've seriously waited a bit longer. This is annoying. Lightning is a better connector design, easier to use, smaller form factor, generally thinner cables, and "just works". USB-C on the other hand is "just because it fits, doesn't mean it works".
(One I diagnosed and sent to Apple Engineers involved cables above a certain length failing to transmit to the TV with usbC but not with lightning).
I hope these are growing pains and not a step back.
I used to care about the headphone jack but wireless earbuds have become so good and so convenient that it seems a bit anachronistic now. I have a UBC-C to headphone adapter for emergencies and it's permanently affixed to my wired headphones but I can't remember the last time I used it.
When Apple chose to abandon floppy drives (they did sell an external one), some people were initially upset, but everyone eventually moved on.
- dedicated “home” button instead of the fancy “swipe up” - because of how frequently my toddler accidentally swipes up when playing her games. Or how often I enter the “expose” mode when trying to drag something like an email near the bottom of the screen.
- power button located on top, rather than on the side where i typically hold my phone because of how many times I accidentally lock the screen that stops the video i was listening to when trying to grab my phone, or accidentally take a screenshot of the lock screen when trying to insert the phone into the cradle in my car.
- the small size of the original iphone which was tiny rather than the modern versions that keep getting larger.
- and yes, I miss the damn stereo connector which allowed me to charge the phone while playing audio without dealing with bluetooth.
I wish they released “iphone classic” the size of the original iphone with modern insides and hardware buttons in places where they used to be.
https://www.phonearena.com/phones/size/Apple-iPhone-SE-2022,...
Fair, though it is some consolation that you can charge wirelessly while using a USB-C to headphone adapter.
https://www.audiosciencereview.com/forum/index.php?threads/r...
Google's adapter is not as good. It's okay though.
I don't really see the sense in them adding back the headphone port given the form factor and the viable alternatives.
Edit: as I replied below, some accessories are form fitting, so no, can't use an adapter. Gamepad example I have (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08FFPKRYW/). And even for those that can work with an adapter, for anything but cables the result is longer/flimsier/more awkward/another point of failure, and what are adapters if not more ewaste? And is everyone supposed to by adapters for even lightning cables? I'm fairly certain lightning cables are all going to get tossed too, or at least a very high percentage as people switch. I'm resigned to it and I can afford it, just feels like this time was itself a waste and not based on data and carefully thought through tradeoffs but populism.
?
https://www.amazon.com/xPOWR-3-Pack-Lightning-Adapter-iPhone...
EDIT: see e.g. here https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/663707
----
A lot of accessories, docks etc are form fitting for good reason, and in that case no there will be no adapters, there just physically is no room. For anything handheld adapters tend to be more awkward and crappier if they work at all for anything that isn't a cable, hard to avoid in a that kind of space constrained scenario. For accessories like the mic yes an adapter likely could work, though it'll still be an extra half inch or whatever more fragile stuff stuck on the end. An irritation and extra expense for no value but not the end of it.
The conversation around it has been pretty annoying and self righteous though by promoters, even as it also felt like fait accompli as regulators started forcing it. Lots of braying about "ewaste" without any sort of analysis of what percentage of the waste stream that is (looks pretty minuscule) or the ROI on sweeping away all the enormous existing capital investment the public has made. I could even accept some sort of "yes this will mean more junk and cost in the near term but it'll pay off in 20 years". But for some reason all the conversations I've seen have brushed it aside with "uh adapters" or "well I only use cables myself".
Anyway, just consider my post a grumpy resigned last bit of pushback. I still don't really feel like government forcing Lightning -> USB-C was really worth it, if we were forcing a change I'd have preferred it at least going to something really thought through, ground shifting, and future proof forever like an optical hybrid. I think (I sure hope!) USB-C isn't "the end of history" in terms of peripheral connectors. But it's also all water under the dam at this point, and younger me may have been less grumpy, not like I haven't seen lots and lots (and lots)^n of connectors come and go over the decades already.
And since you bring it up, I do actually hope that the USB-C form factor connector winds up being a permanent connector. Consider: AC mains power connector form factors, while they vary from country to country, are basically "finished" and don't have to keep getting revised every half decade. USB-C has proven to be tremendously scalable and imo is good enough that it could well be the final form for its use case for the foreseeable future.
>What I find annoying is that lighting cables are rent-seeking proprietary Apple tech
I don't think this is a fair description frankly. Lightning was developed years before USB-C, which itself was heavily influenced by Apple, and the USB situation before that sucked. They themselves came up with something useful, better than what came before or the other options at the time. Sure, ideally they would have standardized it voluntarily and made it open for all, but by the same token why couldn't the rest of the industry be bothered to do a decent non-directional plug connector years before hand instead of monstrosities like the USB-3 Micro Type B? I think using "rent seeking" to mean "anything proprietary anyone develops and sells" starts feeling a little too expansive?
>and not even universally used in their own product
It's been universally used across what it was developed for though, the handheld devices. And in terms of raw performance capability and flexibility it's obviously much, much worse than Thunderbolt/USB-C which came later. I don't see why things would be better if it was on Macs?
>Apple already on their own makes people have to re-buy peripherals when they change standards, so it's not like they have a high ground.
Lightning has been around though 11 years, and the 30-pin connector 9 years before that. And would likely have been around years more without this. I don't think you can reasonably say they haven't had pretty decent runs when it comes to handheld/ultra portable devices? Apple has definitely been far, far faster moving when it comes to Macs for better and for worse. But again, I think that's not an apples-to-apples comparison, because computers almost always are connecting to things via cables not anything form fitting, they have plenty of space to work with. Which in turn means adapters really can be an acceptable (if suboptimal and disliked) solution.
Reasonable minds can differ of course!
>I do actually hope that the USB-C form factor connector winds up being a permanent connector.
I really, really don't. It stinks so much having to use copper vs fiber.
>USB-C has proven to be tremendously scalable
I can use the same OS2 I got a decade ago for a 10gbps to run 200 Gbps now. Same cable. For a few bucks per meter. And can do it over anywhere from 1 meter to kilometers.
Much better designs are possible then USB-C, and stuff could use it.
They charged a lot of money to make compatible devices. That makes it rent-seeking.
> It's been universally used across what it was developed for though, the handheld devices.
iPads are handheld aren't they?
> I really, really don't. It stinks so much having to use copper vs fiber.
Are you suggesting fiber couplings inside the plug? That sounds very delicate and prone to dirt, not good at all for a phone.
If you want a fiber cable with transceivers on each end, there's plenty of those.
But the price should tell you a lot about why we rarely use fiber for minor connections.
These peripherals had lightning ports in them? You can't use a USB-C - Lightning cable and continue using them??
There's a reason Apple waited 10 years to change on iPhones, even though they switched to USB-C on other products.
They could have potentially had both ports, but nobody seems to want to put two ports on phones, and Apple is not one to put an old and new thing together.
This is the reason Apple waited 11 years - to reduce the impact. Plus, there will be adapters.
They were pissed that the EU doesn't bend to the will of corporations like the US does, so they dragged their feet for over a decade.
Lightning is actually a really nice connector design, despite the hate.
/s