To be clear, I had already placed out of the calculus course that would have taught how to evaluate these integrals, so I wouldn't have been disadvantaged by it being required. There definitely weren't any differential equations in the course though; it seems like you might be overestimating the intensity a 100-level physics course required for people like me who never did physics again after.
I really believe there is something to be said for putting yourself through the mental strain of evaluating the integrals (or code) and that doing so contributes to you having a better feel for how it works on a conceptual level as well, you don't just get better at calculating by doing things the hard way.
If you can easily see the solutions and manipulations you can make to an integral by hand, then you are more able to quickly get a feel for what it represents just by looking at it. If you are not as experienced doing them by hand, just reading them is going to sap some of your brain power and energy, and you will be less able to reason about them abstractly as a result.
I think the whole "just learn the concepts" approach to almost anything is fundamentally misguided and not at all how representative of how humans really learn.
I do agree with you that in theory we can do better than asia, but that is too high of a milestone given that we are basically currently significantly worse than Asia on all fronts.
Adopting elements of the Finnish model would probably be an improvement.
With geometry, the style I was taught emphasized explanation of complex problems using proofs but building from first principles.