The main difference is the power requirement. Jamming wide band signals requires more power.
Jamming does not require much power. There are plenty of battery powered jammers available.
It's also generally against FCC regulations. Airdrop is not a regulated standard; it is entirely up to the implementing party to anticipate and mitigate abuse. The problems you're conflating are not the same, this Flipper Zero attack is entirely enabled by bad design. The explicit issue listed in the article is not inherent to the technology, it is inherent to Apple's vision for the Airdrop user story.