This matters because consumers are the ones that vote.
Sure, we could tax Co2 right now, but the main problem is that people don't want to sacrifice their vacation travel or pay a premium for non-regional goods/personal travel/energy, just to "save the climate".
This applies even more strongly to older voters.
If you implemented actually effective Co2 mitigation policies (i.e. policies aiming to reduce Co2/capita/year to under 4 tons within a decade) in pretty much ANY western industrialized democracy, you would get thrown out of office even before your term was over.
PS: This is not my position-- I believe that drastic action is very urgently required, but I don't think it is some "corporate interests" or "lobbyism conspiracy" that prevents it-- simply democracy in action.