US Gov geoengineering research plan for reducing solar radiation [pdf]
whitehouse.gov
whitehouse.gov
I think it seems like a good idea, and I'm sure there are experts that could answer these questions.
I give the Whitehouse kudos for proposing such an initiative, at least through research we will know more about what is possible and the effects of such actions.
The paper provides a great overview of how to achieve a more sustainable earth. Hopefully these actions could be consistent over the long term.