Don't more modern AC units use VFDs that can run the compressor at arbitrary speeds, which is an improvement over both fixed 3 phase power and a starter capacitor? Maybe this tech hasn't made it into the house-sized units yet, though.
The fact that they might have a higher list price than a conventional single-speed outdoor unit and indoor evaporator coil is a red herring, as the conventional units can’t do anything on their own, and they need a furnace and a fan added to be useful.