(I should preface this by saying that my claims are all based on what I see in a specific scientific community and US laboratory environment. I can't say for sure my observations are true more generally.)

I think what you say is true in principle, basically on all counts, but Fortran's niche that its advantages serve best has been continually eaten away at by the Python/C++ combination.

The "I don't know pointers" crowd steers toward Python, and the "I care about CPU cycles" crowd steers toward C++, and that relationship is symbiotic.

Julia promised to be a general-purpose language, both as fast (or faster) than Fortran/C++ and as easy (or easier) than Fortran/Python. But it doesn't seem to have panned out as they'd perhaps have hoped.