Why bumblebees love cats and other beautiful relationships (2021)
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This kind of cascading side effects can actually work out. The best example is the reintroduction of the wolf in Yellowstone [1], but similar effects have also been observed in Germany [2]. Another "key species", at least here in Europe, is the beaver [3], because its creation of wetlands aside of rivers creates an entire ecosystem for birds and reptiles.
[1] https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wildlife/wolf-r...
[2] https://www.quarks.de/umwelt/tierwelt/der-wolf-zurueck-in-de...
[3] https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/artenvielfalt-bibe...
“Humankind's common ancestor with other mammals may have been a roughly rat-size animal that weighed no more than a half a pound, had a long furry tail and lived on insects.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/science/common-ancestor-o...
>>Relationships so complex as to connect everything to everything in a single network of the living.
>>Playing with something whose working mechanisms are not well known is clearly dangerous. The consequences can be completely unpredictable. The strength of ecological communities is one of the engines of life on Earth. At every level, from the microscopic to the macroscopic, it is these communities, understood as relationships among the living, that allow life to persist.
While climate change rightfully gets huge headlines, it is easier to understand than the ecosystem and food web, which is also being rapidly broken (in no small part by climate change).
While some effects of climate change can be mitigated, a sufficiently broken food web is unlikely to be recoverable on a humanity-helpful time scale.
My cat often brings mice and actually eat them. It's quite interesting, if gruesome, to observe because there seems to be a precise technique and it is very clean. He always starts with the head and usually there is nothing left apart from a very cleanly cut stomach, no blood, no mess.
I keep my cats indoors (we take them in to the garden from time to time under supervision) for a variety of reasons one of them being fluffy cute little murders who kill birds and such just for sport...
There are also birds which are smarter then cats where "killer instincts" don't work on. For example I've seen magpies "play" with cats to lure them away from their young. From the interaction it was clear the magpies were employing strategy while the cat was just reacting.
this just made me think of the movie Annihilation where the bear like creature got a human like voice. that would definitely make a walk in the woods a lot more creepy.
I would be more inclined to call the behaviour brave and desperate rather than smart because it doesn’t always work out well for the birds.
Most cats I've known don't kill much. They might pounce on a lizard or fly to catch it and play with it, but I can't remember the last time I've seen them actually kill something. Certainly never gotten the fabled "gift" of a dead animal from a disappointed cat who thinks I can't get my own food. I wonder what the difference is.
When they were young our female would hunt quite a bit, certainly several times a month. Our male was hopeless at it, occasionally bringing back a live mouse and then not knowing what to do with it.
Now they have got older we have not had so much as a single mouse in a couple of years. I'm fairly sure I've seen more spiders as well.
Cats even have a faster average reaction time than snakes.
Here's a cat batting at a snake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptJpLivNyoE
From personal experience. Came home on a hot summer day. Let the cat loose and it immediately began to act unusual and drew our attention to a snake that had made it into the house. "Petals" ended the snake in short order without much fanfare.
Cats as a species kill an emotionally large sum of birds and small mammals, but they don't radically transform ecosystems. It's human industry and habitat expansion that devastates ecologies, not their garden prowlers plucking the occasional bird or chipmunk.
I'd never bell the lad.
[1] https://theconversation.com/australian-shelters-and-pounds-k...
In western cities I see rats but no cats.
I suppose we’ve made our choice.
The cats tear through the local bird population, rather than the rats
Some individuals might be the size of adult rabbits of smaller species, certainly of juveniles.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23360987/
We estimate that free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.4-3.7 billion birds and 6.9-20.7 billion mammals annually.
No, I'm not joking.
All to sleep on your lap.
Edit: Also did I mention their incredible sense of smell and their built-in instinct to hide their tracks? Every. Single. Detail. Murder.
And yet it is illegal for humans to hunt lions, but not for lions to hunt human (though unwise in the extreme).
But think about it. If you were constantly on the alert as both predator and prey, you'd be pretty nutso too.
My understanding is that it's higher than their terminal velocity, which makes any height fairly low risk. They can be expected to survive falling out of an airplane, for example.
I love my cats, but I often think about how utterly terrifying they'd be if I were prey-sized. (I.e., Adjusting for scales, I'd probably rather take my chances with a Xenomorph than a good mouser domestic cat.)
> We estimate that free-ranging domestic cats kill 1.4-3.7 billion birds and 6.9-20.7 billion mammals annually. Un-owned cats, as opposed to owned pets, cause the majority of this mortality.
From the text of the paper, "majority" means 69% for birds and 89% for mammals. Feral cats kill a lot of animals, because that's what they eat. Pet cats do not. "Domestic cat" here means F. catus, not cats that live in homes.
Also, i wouldn't attach complete confidence to this paper. Firstly, it was written by bird conservationists, who have a dog in this fight (as it were). Secondly, it contains some dubious numbers (eg bird return rate per owned cat per year of 4.2 - 18.3 in US and Europe studies - and yet my mum's cats all brought in 0 - 1 per year). I'm not saying ignore it, but don't treat it as gospel - and it would be great to see responses to it, and other work on this subject.
However, birds mercilessly teased him as he had no clue how to catch one, surrounding him while he lay on the grass, chirping, then flying just far enough away when he'd move towards them.
There is no real genetic difference, as a total population, between feral cats and cats owned as pets. Absolutely, as you point out, owned cats who know they'll get fed inside will murder outdoor animals just for fun, and they don't need to eat them to survive - but that's a learned behavior, nothing they were bred for. You take a normal tabby and leave it to have its litter outside, unowned, and those cats will turn into feral cats.
Many animal rescue organizations have developed "Barn cat programs" for feral cats. These cats have not been socialized to be around humans so they make bad pets, but they're happy to live in a barn and ensure it says rat-free: https://www.austinpetsalive.org/programs/barn-cat-program.
Was on the porch the other night and saw her take a 15 foot dump out of a tree with a rat ( big one too). She landed on top and made short work of the rat. She's an excellent ratter.
Rodents are their strong preference, but if bored, they will go after bugs, small birds, lizards... or engage in relentless "murder practice" using pieces of paper or cloth.
This is very different than with dogs, which often have to be trained for specific tasks. Source: lived with 10+ cats (not at the same time).
I have two cats, and one is a cold blooded killer that'll attack anything that moves, including my toes. The other will just sniff spiders and cuddles rabbits and hamsters. It did once chase a small mouse, but once it had it cornered, it didn't do anything.
(Domestic rabbits have surprisingly big egos.)
I had a rabbit that we'd let out in the garden, and if the neighbour's cat came in the garden, the rabbit would chase it out, and even attack it if it wouldn't leave.
If a cat has never seen mice before and no one has taught it to chase mice (and if it's not even hungry), then I simply can't imagine how this instinct is passed on through genetics. Is there a DNA encoding for "chase and kill small moving objects, preferably mouse-like objects"? Does anyone know how DNA would carry information like that?
I have a couple of cats that are quite old: about 16 years. The male spends most of the day on the bed, but he can still jump about 5x his height.
Inside cats are pets. Outside cats are pests.
Come to think of it, I can't recall ever being stung by an actual bee. Asshole wasps are another story.
Even in the moment, I thought "fair enough".
Wasps are just embodied evil.
The only time I've ever heard of someone getting a bumblebee sting is when they actually got one caught inside their shirt and got three or four good zaps. They are like wasps in that their stingers don't fall out when they sting, so they can keep going as long as they have venom left.
Apparently they are somewhat less docile when it comes to other bees, apparently they can be fairly aggressive and too many bumblebees around can outcompete local honeybees.
It hurt as bad as any other sting I've ever had.
The vacuum method is useful when they are in a building. Use a strong shop-vac. Mount the hose a few inches from the outlet, and turn it on for an hour each day. If you turn it on more than that, they'll learn to avoid it. This took about a week to terminate the hive.
I've done both, but only reluctantly when they are a real hazard (minimize cruelty; these aren't quick deaths). The nest will die out anyway in the autumn, except for the queen and then it will move for the next year.
Thus I can only talk about the Common and the German Wasps with confidence. Those are not assholes most part of their short lives. They are animals and as such show predictable behaviour. Corner them, squeeze them, go near their nest, or suffocate them (e.g. breath on them) and they defend themselves. Otherwise, a busy worker wasp will just ignore you, just like a bee would.
Unfortunatly worker wasps are only busy 9/10 if their lives. The last 1/10 are a spent in a drunken stupor. Once the nest closes down the worker wasps suddenly become homeless and unemployed. Devoid of purpose, they spend their remaining days binging on sugar and fat, looking for brawls (a little bit like football hooligans). Unfortunatly the hunger for sugar and fat brings them even more in contact with humans, because we are a ready source for all of this.
Still, we can manage, most of us are smarter than them. If you have a fixed position, e.g. a porch, take packaging paper and rumple it into a football sized contraption resembling a social wasps nest and hang it somewhere visible. Wasps try to avoid other nests. If you are lucky hornets nest nearby. Hornets are usually docile, very easy to spot and avoid, but they are fierce nest protectors. They also like to snack on wasps.
When camping, sacrifice a beer or other sugary substance by putting it very accessible in a bowl a 5 or so metres away from where you are sitting. Coordinate with your neighbors if it is crowded ;) Even hooligan wasps prefer the troublefree beverage to zipping around other troublesome animals (i.e. us). Last but not least, you can almost always wave individual wasps aside. Take a sheet of paper or handheld fan and slowly produce an airstream to keep them away from that sugary pie-hole in your face.
I have only been stung once in the last 10 years or so and only because the poor thing got entangled in my shirt and panicked.
So one gets used to try to showe them away, collecting them in inverted glasses until the party is over, have something burning that might keep them way, or just surrender let them pick something and enjoy a couple of minutes pause until they take the little piece of food back to the nest (and then return).
Bumblebees are usually not aggressive, though they can sting multiple times (like wasps and unlike honeybees).
Note also that the "continuing to pump venom" is why you shouldn't pinch a stinger to remove it - scrape it out w/ a fingernail or other item to avoid injecting yet more venom into the sting.