Don't forget x86 to x86_64 which was lighter e.g did not need things like Rosetta/Rosetta 2 but still involved several steps (userland, kernel, bootloader - IIRC in that order)
https://everymac.com/mac-answers/snow-leopard-mac-os-x-faq/m...
Software-wise 64 bit userland processes were supported since Tiger (CLI and Cocoa only, Carbon UI stayed 32 bit) before the kernel itself moved to 64 bits in Snow Leopard (although IIRC not the default except on Xserve and Mac Pro, the two that could have loads of RAM. You could tell it to boot the 64 bit kernel through nvram boot args or something though)
A few Macs had a 64 bit CPU but a 32 bit only bootloader/firmware. That made them disqualified for one of the major OS version updates when it required a full 64 bit boot chain.