This paper is probably underappreciated for its future influence in neuroscience cognitive science and philosophy of intelligence. I 'd bet on it as candidate for the most important in the century ahead , because of so many questions it opened
Of the century? We're not even a quarter of the way through. One could've ventured a guess as to the most important scientific achievement of the century in the early 1920s but would miss the discovery of penicillin, the invention of the computer, the invention of the transistor, the eradication of smallpox, etc.
It is maybe contender for the research paper that resulted in the most monetary gain for its authors.