Why does China need 1.5 billion people?
That's is in no way sustainable on an individual level and worse on a societal level when you have a small working population and a large number of people that require care.
Of course you can also over build this capital that will never be used, but will need to be paid back (for example a local government pays to build a town that there are no people to fill it with) and the maintenance is too much, but you still have to look after the people who did the building.