Does anyone have resources for learning some of these topics as an adult? Some of them I've never looked into, some I have but it's been a while, and I'd love to have a way to revisit them.
If you think you might need a more basic book that focuses on a review of high school math topics for adults, then this book would be better: https://nobsmath.com See extended preview here: https://minireference.com/static/excerpts/noBSmath_v5_previe...
Both books written specifically with adult learners in mind.
Just try searching Youtube though, for "<subject name> lectures" and then sample what you find to see if you like the instructor's style.
Along with that, there are those "Schaum's Guides" for all (or nearly all) of these subjects as well. Go through a lecture series on the topic and follow along in the corresponding Schaum's Guide and you should be able to make quite a bit of progress.
Brilliant might also have some useful stuff.
And lastly, check Alibris for used copies of older textbooks. A texbook that costs $150.00 for the "current" (in use) edition can often be found for like $10.00 for the previous or earlier edition, since there is no real demand for those anymore. And if you're not in a formal class, you don't need to care about the specifics of the edition. So save some money and find a nice cheap copy to use.
I recently re-read and took extensive notes on de Finetti's Theory of Probability which I always recommend. But don't stick to just that.
It's free to download here: https://www.statlearning.com/
Read the first couple of chapters, and see if it works for you.
It even has a nice minimal intro to a Python, Numpy, Pandas and Matplotlib.