The Alexander Piano
alexanderpiano.nz
alexanderpiano.nz
In (public) Suburb middle school I had a friend who played folk music as a hobby, and also made his own instruments. Mostly violin and hurdy-gurdy [1], probably because his parents were farmers in the suburb and owned a smith/wood workshop. His unique hobbies made him a bit of an outcast and people made fun of him in school, but I was in to classic music so we got along well.
A year or two later I changed school to a private school in the city who specialized in classic music, which was a drastically different environment; most of my classmates from then are professional musician.
It didn't work out for me that well in the end, but one good thing that came out of it was that I contacted him and suggested he also switch, which was a great life changing moment for him because everyone (including the dean) loved him because of his craftsmanship. Some people even commissioned instruments, at the age of 16.
It was surprising how happy & how fast he grew in his passion/hobby as soon as the environment changed from making fun of him to respecting the craft. There was only one school in the entire country that could give him that and by a coincidence he stumbled upon this, and to this day, almost 20 years later, enjoys that passion in the small community he found :)
Always wholesome whatever field, to see these people flourish rather than giving up their passion for conformity!
I'm just saying that in a story that goes "Things were bad, people helped and I worked hard, now things are good", it's sad getting stuck focusing on the first part.
He still plays folk music, and regularly play at a Viking (Scandinavian) restaurant named Aifur in Stockholm. It's a cool restaurant worth visiting if you're going there one day =)
If you're in Stockholm and interested in Viking things, take a trip to Birka. There's a ferry from Stockholm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birka
If you don't mind, what country was this?
I was aware of this piano because of the Hyperion Knight recording and have always had an interest in 'one off' instruments, especially pianos. But I never caught on to this amazing story of how it came to be, the mixture of constraints, determination, inspiration and generosity working all out to result in this incredible creation.
To 'build a piano' is no simple undertaking, even if you already have a lot of shop knowledge tools and instrument knowledge. I've rebuilt one that was neglected and that already required a ton of knowledge and I've made some (technically minor) modifications to existing instruments[1]. That doesn't begin to put me in a position where I would attempt to build a piano from first principles. All the parts have to collaborate just so to get a working instrument and the history of the piano is littered with failures. To see a one off made by a young man like this is impressive already. But to see one at this level of quality, that's something else entirely, I have no words to really express how impressed that leaves me.
Thank you KolmogorovComp for posting this, it really makes my day (and my week, probably).
My understanding is that it has a normal range of notes, but with a different type of string - is that true? Or can it go lower than a normal piano? How is the experience of playing it? Is it the same? Or does it respond differently (eg a different relationship between key force and sound). I guess as a complete piano novice my question is why would you want this over a normal piano?
A sound we hear as a single pitch is made from multiple different sine waves playing simultaneously, called "partials" in general, or "harmonics" when those sine waves are integer[0] multiples of the lowest frequency, which is called the "fundamental".
In an string instrument, the ends of the strings are fixed in place. This means any standing wave in the string must have "nodes" (points where the wave has zero amplitude) at the ends. When you pluck or strike the string, you induce multiple different standing waves at once. In a mathematically ideal string (modeled with zero thickness), these standing waves are sine waves. Because the ends are always nodes, and because nodes and anti-nodes (points of maximum amplitude) of a sine wave are evenly distributed along the length of the wave, there will always be an integer number of anti-nodes. The frequency of the wave is proportional to the number of anti-nodes, so you end up with a harmonic sound, where the upper partials are integer multiples of the fundamental. Music played in standard Western tuning sounds the most consonant when it uses harmonic sounds.
But a real string instrument is not mathematically perfect. The strings have thickness, which makes them resist bending. Higher frequencies cause sharper bending of the string, so they are more affected by the bending resistance. This results in a standing wave that's very close to a sine wave, but with the end nodes shifted slightly towards the center of the string. The higher harmonics are effectively played on shorter strings, so their frequency is increased. They are no longer integer multiples of the fundamental, so the sound is "inharmonic".
Bass strings are typically thicker, so this effect is most noticeable in the bass. It's a big enough problem in a traditional piano that a special tuning technique ("stretched tuning") is used to try to hide it, but it still results in a kind of muddy/blurred sound. The only alternative to making the bass strings thicker is to make them longer, which is what the the Alexander piano does. The result is an unusual clarity in the bass.
[0] In practice people use "harmonics" to mean approximately integer multiples too.
On the lower, wound strings, the thickness of the string causes the string to also hold a standing wave at the fundamental frequency in the short length that the string has, but it amplifies the higher-order harmonics and adds some secondary effects that cause the note to be less "clean" sounding. It doesn't cause the frequency to change.
By the way, I am not a fan of octave stretching on my own piano, so I usually ask piano tuners not to do it. It's completely optional.
Suppose for instance the 2nd harmonic of C2 is 2 cents sharp of where it "ought" to be (which is twice the frequency of C2 itself). Then if you tune C3 (the C in the next octave) to be similarly 2 cents sharp of where it ought to be, it will not clash against the 2nd harmonic in C2 -- but the result is that the distance from C2 to C3 is a little more than an octave.
(I don't know whether 2 cents is anywhere ballpark -- I've studied the theory but haven't performed measurements.)
Incidentally, if you want to play microtonal music on an equally tuned piano, this is an argument for selecting a sharp system, such as 27-edo or 58-edo -- that is, a system whose approximations to the harmonics you're interested in are sharps. (12-edo gives an approximation 2 cents flat of the 3rd harmonic and 14 cents sharp of the 5th harmonic. It ignores the other harmonics. 27-edo gives a sharp approximation to harmonics 3, 5 and 7. 58-edo gives a sharp approximation to 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13 -- nirvana, as far as I'm concerned.)
In equal temperament, the distance is ~2 cents between the 2nd harmonic of C2 and G3 (and every other pair a 12th apart), so stretching an octave by ~1 cent spreads that distance out while being pretty much imperceptible. In a decent quarter-comma tuning system like Werckmeister (a very common Baroque tuning), four of the 5ths are off by about 5 cents, and the others are pure. As a result, the 2nd harmonic differs from the note a 12th above by a variable amount. Stretching every octave by 2.5 cents to balance this becomes very much audible across a keyboard, and sounds very odd on the harmonic series' that are nearly perfect.
Baroque tunings also pay a lot of attention to the major 3rd (the 4th harmonic), which is a notable weakness of equal temperament - it is far too narrow.
Regardless, octave stretching doesn't have to do with piano dynamics, it has to do with tuning systems.
I admit to being unfamiliar with unequal temperaments. As a jazz player they seems like a complete bummer to me, as I love to transpose on a whim and don't want the intervallic structure to depend on what key I'm in.
I know that there is some unequal tempered jazz out there from very early recordings, and I assume they thought the different character of the keys added extra character and possibly some extra "grunge," but it would be interesting to compare the improvisational style to equal tempered jazz.
I've played in 58-edo, which to me is basically indistinguishable from JI. It's just a little too big to use comfortably on the Lumatone. I can use it on the monome comfortably, but the monome doesn't have velocity sensitivity, which for me is a deal killer. On the Lumatone the biggest I feel comfortable playing is 46-edo. Fortunately, 46-edo sounds incredible.
It doesn't have the best approximation to 5/4 -- it's 5 cents sharp -- but that error goes in the same direction as the error in 12-edo that we're used to, so (because we're all used to 12-edo) it sounds world better than, say, the 5/4 that 41-edo gives you, which is 6 cents flat.
A pure treble note like from a computer wave form does not rattle like that, to my ears.
A normal piano is supposed to have impure frequencies, it's part of the timbre and what gives it warmth.
Like a chocolate or winey kind of muddy. Artistically I much prefer that.
To my understanding in a piano, the lower strings are "too short", this includes grand pianos at a concert hall for example. There is a compromise in the construction. The Alexander Piano has an adequate length of strings, so in principle it has better sounds in the lower frequency ranges.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzqpNEoL1vs&t=379s
At the top, the notes are easily identifiable, but near the end the pitch gets increasingly murky.
The damage to the artistic intent by the limitations of the instrumental technology is substantial in this Mussorgsky passage because you can’t discern the implied harmony nearly as well as the composer could have imagined it in their head.
I would love to hear this run on the Alexander. (Or all of The Great Gate of Kiev for that matter — with its big broad chords spanning the keyboard it’s ideally suited to this instrument.)
It also possible to use the murkiness of the piano’s low end as an artistic device. Here’s a Bartok passage (from Out of Doors) where the low notes are effectively percussion strikes and what matters is that the final note is “lower”, not that it has a distinct pitch which fits into a harmonic plan:
I just heard the Liszt Funerailles played on the Alexander piano (YouTube on the embedded main page), and yes it sounds very unusually melodic in the bass.
These lower notes are the "muddy" ones, and since pianos have a tough time cleanly making those notes, then it would also mean that bass guitars would, too. Most 7 string guitars only play about a perfect 4th or a perfect 5th below standard tuning because of this inescapable muddiness, and the other extra strings tune upward into the low range of the guitar instead.
Aside from that, it wouldn't matter anyway as guitar instruments are inherently "loose" in their tuning. They may be perfect at the open string and 12th fret if they are properly set up and intonated, but every note in between will be off by a small amount.
Further, the act of fretting and plucking the instrument changes the tone of the generated note, specifically, where and how you strike the string to generate the note changes the overtones, and where and how hard you depress the string behind the fret causes minute shifts in the pitch of the string, not to mention that even minor bending of the string due to hand anatomy and grip pattern will also cause the pitch to change.
Two players can mechanically play the same piece on the same instrument in the same way down to the microsecond, but no matter how accurate they are, there will be detectable differences in the resulting piece.
A piano doesn't have that. You have your three pedals and how hard you depress the key. Still a lot of control over the sound, but if two different pianists play the same piece on the same piano with the same pedal work and finger strength, the results should be essentially identical.
Therefore, the sound quality of the piano is fixed and set based on its original setup and the string lengths it is given, whereas a guitar player can compensate for low level muddiness by altering the playing pattern, striking closer to the bridge with a plectrum or their nails, whatever they need to do to put some brightness into a low note, whereas the piano player only has the option of striking harder or softer, so in the range where a bass and piano compete, the bass can have much less muddiness than a piano.
https://www.native-instruments.com/en/products/komplete/keys...
https://www.native-instruments.com/en/products/komplete/keys...
https://klavins-pianos.com/products/una-corda/
And for a two-story version, see the Model 450i Vertical Concert Grand
This part is just amazing to me. I can't remember what I was doing when I was 15, but it sure as heck was nothing as close to wanting to build a freaking piano.
Now that I have kids, I wonder how my folks let me work with 400V of electricity and not freak out. Makes me wonder what kind of weird things my kids are going to get into.
I think kids these days are much more likely to do something digital than build things like this from discrete components.
Usually as soon as you see a tube with a cap on top you know you have something pretty high voltage.
I knew from schematics and calculations it'd be about this high, but seeing the actual 400V value on my cheap multimeter sent shivers down my spine. Also I remember accidentally shorting the wrong wires while taking a measurement and blowing a fuse. Fun times!
It kinda fell apart, when hormones kicked in, though.
Not sure I could have done it at 15.
I have been wondering lately what a pickup wound with wire made of lk-99 would sound like. SQUIDs for pickups...
If I had to do this today I'd use a metalworking mill. There is no point in trying to work wood that hard with regular wood tools, they just won't keep an edge.
I studied music in Dunedin at the University of Otago and never heard of this. Interesting seeing some of the people associated with the music dept. in the pics. Amazing work!
I can only hope some of the excellent classical recording engineers in NZ have caught wind of this by now and made some of their own recordings. Without wanting to sound too snobby, while his recordings are good as archival evidence it would be great to hear what a real pro with all the standard classical recording equipment could capture (for the uninitiated: better mics and hardware and a lifetime's experience using it can do wonders with audio).
https://moneyinc.com/why-many-people-believe-tony-robbins-is...
It’s similar to the difference between an electric bass guitar and an acoustic bass.
Or more to the point, it’s one notch further in bass note clarity on a scale from small upright piano to baby grand piano to concert grand piano… to the Alexander piano.
I expect that a Fourier analysis of bass notes struck in isolation comparing piano types would reveal increasing proportions of fundamental to side frequencies, with the Alexander having the highest ratio.
That quality, though it may seem a bit unreal, has benefits in terms of revealing musical gestures that would otherwise be obscured. (See my link to the Mussorgsky passage elsethread.)
Speaking as an audio engineer, we are always fighting to achieve this kind of transparency.
For instance, I am now comfortable hearing very subtle nuance in musical performance, in particular piano performance. Meanwhile, my dad is an audiophile and not musically trained but can hear a whole world of detail when assessing sound scrapes and equalisation. I brought him along to help me choose a digital piano and was humbled by how many things he could hear that were inaudible to me.
A friend of a friend was studying audio engineering and he recorded me playing the piano for a some coursework and the things he was focused on like acoustics, colour, fidelity and things like the very subtle hiss again were very different things I am used to listening out for.
Podcasters will talk about the BBC sound as being the gold standard and while I can tell good from bad I can't internalise what makes a broadcast have a good or bad sound....
Meanwhile back to topic, I've gone piano shopping with professional pianists and they can hear so much more than I can. I love watching videos by this channel on the subject: https://youtube.com/@RobertsPianos
"Listening to brass through a recording is like photocopying a steak and eating the copy"
Some accoustic properties just can't be properly captured through microphones that aren't perfectly selected and reproduced through speakers engineered for the specific recording
This is true especially for the low end (without prohibitively expensive 18"+ drivers and a near flawless accoustic environment to minimise standing waves and any other issues etc)
Reminds me of Stuart & Sons, a company from across the Tasman, with their impressive 108 key Piano
On a side note: can any piano experts chime in on why it seems impossible to DIY electric pianos in the same way?
I'd love to see some experimental Rhodes, Wurlitzers or Hohner Pianet derivatives. The only successful ones seem to be the even more conservative Vintage Vibes and Rhodes MK8.
I'd love to see the same DIY community grow around electric pianos as it has electric guitars and synths for the last 60+ years
It's absolutely doable, go for it!
It's been on my 'to do' list for ages, to build my own but I realize how much time it would take and what I'd need in terms of tooling just to produce a serviceable action. So it will probably never happen. But there are zero obstacles to doing this if you are dedicated, have the space, the skills and the funds.
Has anyone got a lead on those details?