New targeted chemotherapy able to kill all solid tumors in preclinical research

That’s not a reason to lose hope, this is in fact a remarkable achievement. It’s part of a broader story in which humans are becoming more and more effective at building individual molecules that fit into precise grooves in proteins, changing their shape by distances measured in the width of a hydrogen atom.

I hope you can see how difficult this is. It’s the work of lifetimes now, but there is a constant march of improvement to the techniques for measuring protein binding, huge recent jumps in our understanding of protein folding (AlphaFold), and in our ability to synthesize molecules that bind to proteins. Most of that is the kind of technical work that doesn’t make headlines, but it compounds over time into discoveries like the one described in the article

Dr. Carl June, leading a charity and publicly funded program, developed CAR T cell gene therapy, which successfully cured leukemia. However, it somehow ended up in the hands of Novartis. The cost of a single therapy was $20,000, but now it is being sold at price of $475,000, making it unaffordable for the majority of people. Have you ever heard about this?

https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/08/30/149399/the-fda-h...

https://landdestroyer.blogspot.com/2017/08/big-pharma-novart...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29967249/

https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2019/10/02/research-focus-smal...

This is a single pathway block, systemic chemotherapy, but it does sound interesting. It binds to the PCNA region, and blocks it from assisting in repairing damaged DNA and keeps cells from replicating.

Chemotherapy does a good job, too, of stopping cell replication through a variety of methods. Yet cancer cells mutate and sometimes find away around it (called platinum resistance).

The beauty of AOH1996, is that it metabolizes well and seems (in animals, human clinical trials underway) to have low side effects. Seems to work in dogs? We'll have to see how humans cope with this.

Full article: https://www.cell.com/cell-chemical-biology/fulltext/S2451-94...

It's rare enough to find a way kill an organism but leave a related one safe, like trying to target millet in tall fescue grown for seed, or targeting mites on honeybees. Usually it's actually just a small difference in tolerance between the two that you are exploiting. We are trying to kill a human within a human.

So what happens is that even if you wipe out 99.999% of the problem, it means the remaining portion of the pest had a genetic mutation that gave it increased resistance. So that's what will reproduce and you can't just increase the rate and try again. You are now just trying to stunt growth.

This is why cancer can be reduced below detection limits, only to have it re-emerge several months or years later and kill the patient because the treatment no longer could touch it. Monotherapies should never be utilized, because failure will eventually occur. Failure in agriculture only means herbicide resistant annual ryegrass or kochia, eventual economic damages, and regulation mandating cycling of modes of action. But Failure in cancer treatment means death and a family burdened by massive debt.

It should be noted that "cancer survival rates" are defined as the percent of people who survive a disease such as cancer *for a specified amount of time*. And I've noticed that the rates that get thrown around tend to range from a several months to just a few years. If a doctor manages to keep you alive and suffering for 2 years and a day before the cancer kills you, your "treatment success" gets added to X survival % (over two years)

I definitely welcome more tools to utilize, but there should always be some form of multi-therapy, a magic pill is a dangerous hope that doesn't understand the enemy.

Incidentally, look up Hyperthermia Therapy, it's less well known but pretty neat. It takes advantage that cancer cells aren't as robust to survive denaturing to begin with due to generally being in a low oxygen/blood environment (which limits detection by the immune system), but also that they are forced to either die or reopen their previously closed membrane transport systems which will now release chemical signals that the immune system can see as a problem. It's usually combined with chemicals that prime the immune system for "alertness". While this method isn't immune to resistance, it's able to exploit the very thing that the cancer needed to hide and survive.