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So what's your third option, if any

There are many options, and I'd be uncomfortable to suggest any in specific without knowing the project's details (I'll list a few below). The reason why switching JSON to Protobuff make me raise an eyebrow is because it represents a switch from one extreme to another. A mainstream, flexible, text-based protocol, to a specialized, rigid, binary protocol. When people do sudden moves like these, it's often misguided. I can almost hear the evangelists bashing how everything LinkedIn did with JSON is wrong, or something.

In terms of formats, you'd get an easier transition and more balance between flexibility and efficiency out of BSON, Avro, Thrift, MessagePack. There are also alternatives to Protobuff like FlatBuffers and Cap'n Proto. There's also CBOR, which is interesting.

There are also other ways of looking at the problem. How does Erlang serialize messages? It doesn't because it messages itself, so the message format is native to itself. And in fact I mostly lean in that direction, but it's not for everyone. Erlang is also dynamically typed, not the kind of language Protobuff and Cap'n Proto is aimed at I suppose.

> How does Erlang serialize messages? It doesn't because it messages itself, so the message format is native to itself.

I don't get the difference you're drawing... the in-memory and on-the-wire representation of terms are different, so there's still serialization involved (term_to_binary/1). The format is documented and there are libraries for other languages.

They're different, but not that different as the functional message-oriented nature of Erlang means your entire state is typically in transferable terms, and the serialization format directly maps terms back and forth.

Technically Erlang could go much further, but much like multicore support took forever, I guess due to lack of funding, it doesn't. Things like:

1. When transferring between two compatible nodes, or processes on the same node, 'virtually' serialize/deserialize skipping both operations and transferring pointer ownership to the other process instead.

2. When transferring between compatible nodes on different servers, use internal formats closer to mem representation rather than fully serializing to standard ETF/BERT

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