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That's basic finance. Higher interest rates are about loaners (also known as savers) getting paid more, and borrowers paying that. If you are amassing wealth (rather than amassing debt), then you are a saver and can loan your money to be paid an interest rate. (Note: this is about real interest rates not nominal interest rates)

It's complete rubbish. It only makes sense if you're retiring today and buying an annuity product.

The overall negative effect of people deferring pension contributions (401K equivalent to US readers) due to the higher cost of living far outweighs anything else.

Savers get higher income from interest, so less likely to spend savings and instead spend interest income.

For someone near retirement who owns their home, inflation somewhat offsets interest income but they're probably not spending a huge amount in general--and higher interest rates mean they can have pretty low-risk investments (which they want a fair bit of at that point) returning 5% or so at the moment.