I know the fundamentals. Doesn't help :D
A good place to learn how CSS was designed to work is Every Layout at https://every-layout.dev/.
There is a surprisingly small amount of content out there on how to competently engineer your CSS (and a lot of it is bad). Most people don't even think it's something you do.
But basic things like making your general rules generic and pushing context descriptively into the HTML go a long way into making your code understandable.
Open instagram.com in a browser :D