Neural stimulation as a treatment for addiction
spectrum.ieee.org
spectrum.ieee.org
Sounds like a scene right out of “A Clockwork Orange” [0]
Especially when there are viable addiction treatments, but the overall treatment experience still always blame the person at a root level, so they aren’t as successful as they could be.
Me. I started smoking cigs at 23, and not one doctor ever asked me why I started later than pretty much anyone else (got divorced, and my dude friends were smoking, thought I could outsmart nicotine.)
Had to process it with nothing but terrible advice from people who never got addicted to anything. Then those who quit because they were pregnant/new dad with angry wife.
Then you probably don't really know addiction. Recovered hard drug addicts can get cravings for substances for the rest of their lives. The brain doesn't let go because it knows it can get that feeling again at any time. Not relapsing is a continuous battle, although it gets easier with time.
I get that the research sounds a bit disturbing, but if it works, it would be a groundbreaking therapy for addiction and a lot of people would be able to live their lives again.
Currently know some friends’ families with kids suffering harder addictions. I still wouldn’t destroy their sense of individuality by taping their eyelids open.
I see it as, holy crap why are kids doing fentanyl? But I was a kid once, and hope they grow up with some sense of self-respect and responsibility.
I have a bias, in that it seems when amortized, humans keep staying alive despite the newest drug.
But due to brain plasticity, the most effective treatment for addiction yet discovered is forgetting it, or more precisely, abstinence for a long enough period. (But that usually sounds trite because the problem being solved during treatment is more preventing voluntary relapse, starting the forgetting period over again.)
The fact that the effects don’t last for more than a few months is very concerning, and I have to wonder about the long term side effects of so bluntly changing something as complex as a brain. And even more concerning is the risk of predatory behavior of practitioners preying on the desperation of addicts.
Maybe this is already in everyone’s mind as they read this, but as someone dealing with an addiction, I would not volunteer for this treatment due to these risks. Imagine if the long term effects actually make the addiction worse. And that seems very possible based on how much we actually know about how the brain works.
I'm very hopeful that psychedelics help with (un) learning.
Most addition therapies work well while a person is engaged in it but as soon as the person comes back to their old life style it comes back.
You need to change your life to change the habits otherwise is near impossible unless you have very strong willpower, which most people with addiction don’t.
I think there is another way of getting rid of addictions: I heard of multiple people that quit smoking form one day to another which usually has a very low chance of success (~3%). One thing they had in common: They pursued their addiction and one day got so horribly sick that something changed. I think the Sinclair method follows a similar approach. Give alcohol addicted people naltrexone which blocks the rewards from ethanol but keeps the nasty side effects and then let them drink as they like.
If the treated choose another activity, like excissive sports or work distract themselves again, how much is won?
If this shortcut works, great.
Drugs are rewarding and that’s why people use them. There are many medications that will dull the senses, numb feelings, and reduce emotions. Drug users don’t seek these out and become dependent on them, though, which is why they’re unscheduled.
Ignoring the rewarding/euphoric effects of these drugs is a red herring.
> If the treated choose another activity, like excissive sports or work distract themselves again, how much is won?
Are you asking if doing a lot of sports or work is better than a lifetime of drug addiction? Because that’s not really a question. Drug dependence can be sustained for a while (“functional addicts”) but the cumulative long-term effects across many domains are undeniably worse than playing a lot of sports or doing a lot of work.
And this is why in Taoism as well as Buddhism, the goal is to lose attachment to all things.
That's not my understanding of attachment in Eastern religions. It's focused on not being attached to the outcomes of your actions.
It was never born; thus it can never die. Why is it infinite? It has no desires for itself; thus it is present for all beings.
The Master stays behind; that is why she is ahead. She is detached from all things;
that is why she is one with them. Because she has let go of herself, she is perfectly fulfilled.
"Your pain is the breaking of the shell that encloses your understanding. Even as the stone of the fruit must break, that its heart may stand in the sun, so must you know pain."
A goal to end all goals. It is as easy as it sounds, do not even try to have no goal.
As soon as they return they their usual life old habits kick in.
Only way to have similar lifestyle and drop addiction from it is to dig deep and understand why you have those habits to start with.
You have to replace the triggers for usual behaviour and this is extremely hard for learned behaviours.
To the extent that those who do it, let’s say by doing sport, actually become addicted to sport if they manage to change their original behaviour.
EDIT: They removed the silly question from the HN posting, but it's still the title of the page ("CAN NEURAL STIMULATION ZAP ADDICTION?")
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulat... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_...
And regarding orders of magnitude, if a lot does something, what is the lowest order if magnitude that does anything? And to who? Does genetics matter? Does genetics matter in TMS? And are short pulses of high Gauss the same as long term exposure to a lower Gauss? Are we comparing apples to apples?
So many questions and so much certainty...
I do not work in this field, but have taken a class or two on biomedical engineering.
Some background: Neurons in your brain communicate with adjacent neurons by various chemical signals. But each neuron has an all-or-nothing threshold. At any given moment it's either activating a pulse called an "action-potential" or it's idle and waiting for stimulus from other neurons.
TMS applies very short, very strong magnetic pulses to brain tissue. The affected region is small but contains millions of neurons. By electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field creates just enough localized voltage for those neurons to start activating at random without any external stimulus.
Stray EMF is nowhere near strong enough to create a similar effect.
The TMS effect is not strong enough to cause physical damage, but having all those neurons firing at random does have various effects, some good, some bad.
I'm very sorry about your friend. Researchers are trying to learn if and how TMS can be used safely and effectively, but it is still experimental. If a doctor recommended it, they must have exhausted better-understood treatment options.
https://www.arpansa.gov.au/understanding-radiation/what-is-r...
Effects of much lower levels have already been shown in rats
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.2003.97.3f....
And humans:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S07533...
These magnetic fields will turn into currents in the body and change our biology.