But what about doing a personal reflection, say a blog post or something on your own time about the observations and lessons learned with regards to things like culture or development philosophy directly related to that company? As long as you do it in a way that doesn't break any non-disclosure agreements why should you be punished for it and do you really want to work for someone who would look negatively on you for expressing what you have learned from a bad experience? Even more important - perhaps the employer doen't know how bad the culture is inside or worse they do know and rely on you not ever saying anything to continue recruiting others similar to you?
Then, during the interview you can find a way to bring a summary of the negative experience into the conversation without it looking like you want to trash or burn your former employer or manager. There are many opportunities for this, a common question one gets asked is to describe what you have learned from mistakes on the job. This is open and general and one could easily work programming specific or soft skill lessons learned into the discussion that do not paint your former employer in a positive light. And if your former employer has not earned the right to a positive reference you should not be required to give it to them just because you want to continue working.