Even broadband was going great under the Telecommunications Act. Dialup, isdn, & dal were quite competitive markets. Being able to get unlimited dialup for $15/mo changed my young life.
But then the courts stepped in & started bullying the FCC & pushing against their attempts to do what Congress has insisted upon. FCC was semi compelled to accept arguments that, oh, fiber to the premise/home is expensive to roll out, and the courts are being unrelenting asshats about any attempt to do what Congress asked us to do, so whatever, we give up: you can have a monopoly.
One of the most crucial judicial/corporate activism projects in American history, totally changed the face of the internet in the states. All these ideas of municipal isps: we shouldn't even be having these arguments. This should be unbundled infrastructure that doesn't need to be rebuilt by any new player. 2003 was a sad sad year. America lost, in the worst fashion, to bad free market ideologists with a stranglehold obstructing governance. Awful bastards, them. https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-03-36A1.pdf
The FCC today is still absolutely ruthless on getting the Telecommunications Act. Slow roll out but basically most existing protections for unbundled fiber within a city have gotten repealed almost entirely, with rare exception. 8 beg for some evidence the FCC has put up any resistance whatsoever to letting the world be consumed by massive inefficient incumbents; they seem wholly against the people.