For example, the human hear will hear a 30kHz frequency if it's fundamental is 10kHz. If it's played at 44.1kHz, the 30kHz frequency is gone and all you'll hear is 10kHz, not a "different sounding" 10kHz.
You are going to have to provide me with a citation to back that up because that goes against everything I've learned and experience in 17 years of working in acoustics.
I don't know about the physics of the speaker itself generating the overtone (in cabinet), but it could certainly resonate a wine glass in the room, for example.
So no, your wikipedia link is not a citation for the claim that cmer made.
Of course, filters aren't perfect, and result in phase shift and roll-off. So we over-sample the signal to create a signal with a much higher frequency than 20KHz, so that the filtering occurs well outside the audible band, allowing us to filter out all of these harmonics without affecting the desired signal.
Basically, the end result is that by sampling the signal, you are introducing high frequency content that must be removed prior to playback. This high frequency content is one of the reasons old CD players from the 80s and 90s cause "listener fatigue", although I have no sources to back up that last statement.
(not for eatmyshorts -you get this I gather) - everyone gets that "upsampling" can't add detail to a recording right? You can't get more than you've got.... no matter what you do. There is no magic. You upsample so you drive harmonics generated in the digital-to-analog process during playback further up in the spectrum so when you get to the analog stage you can use a nice gentle analog filter to filter them out. Without the upsampling, you need a nasty steep analog filter to filter them out, and that can have audible side-effects (or at least measurable) in the audible spectrum. eatmyshorts - correct me if I mis-stated any of that please....
Then you should be able to provide at least one citation.
Basically, if you produce two ultrasonic frequencies, they will create an interference pattern at a much lower frequency than either of the individual frequencies. Modulate a signal on the difference between two signals, and you can create a directional speaker, since ultrasonic sounds tend to be highly directional (so long as the diameter of the transducer is greater than 1/2 wavelength, which is almost guaranteed with ultrasonic signals). This is how the "sound cannons" that are being deployed for crowd control work.
Yes, but the effects of interference patterns between multiple ultrasonic frequencies is the same, and definitely does affect the audible spectrum
has nothing to do with this:
This is why we must filter the square wave that comes out of a DAC
The only reason that square waves "must" be filtered is to reduce the potential of damaging tweeters. If you want to record a square wave with the purpose of later reproducing the square wave, than you don't want to filter it - once you filter it, it's no longer a square wave.
The reason that square wave sucks is because it introduces tons of high frequency content (your amp probably won't reproduce the high frequency content anyway, so I don't think most Japanese consumer amps will damage your speakers--that is, the amp will act like a filter anyway). That high frequency content then creates alias effects (think of moire patterns when looking at super high-res photos that are scaled down without anti-aliasing). Those alias effects sound like shit to the human ear.
The point of filtering is to anti-alias the resulting analog signal after conversion from digital to analog. The point of upsampling is to move that filter well beyond the audible range, so you can use a 1st-order filter (gentle slope, but it introduces no phase effects). The fact that a square wave hurts your speakers is inconsequential--the amp will effectively filter the signal anyway. Unfortunately, it will filter the signal without anti-aliasing, which introduces those nasty interference patterns within the audible spectrum (that is, if you feed a straight 44.1KHz sampled square wave to your speakers without upsampling/filtering).
Trying to record an edge case like this is the same as recording in a room with bad acoustics. So you end up with some weird (but not faithful) representation of the sound which is a snapshot of the microphone's characteristics and directionality of the ultrasonic tones. It's not reasonable to assume any microphone will behave exactly like a human ear. Even if you could, you're going to have to mimic the tiny random movements a normal person would make listening to a sound, movements which would definitely impact the perception of the sound, because microphones are much more stationary than any human would be.
The "different sounding" argument two posts above is silly, because sound is almost never that monochromatic, and if it is, it's usually boring. Also I don't understand how missing out on an odd order harmonic would be a bad thing :) The reality is none of these arguments are based in a reality of what people would hear, and because of that, the arguments aren't practical.
In reality, 20 bits at 48kHz (or 64kHz) would be more than acceptable for even the most discerning of ears and probably the most practical in terms of space and fidelity, but it'd be a weird format to distribute in.
So the interference pattern will be made up of one low frequency sound and higher frequency harmonics. Once again the higher frequency harmonics are redundant, because you only need to record the lower frequency sound.
The only possible way ultrasound can be picked up by the ear is if the ear has a non-linear response to the input sound. Going by the information in the article linked, it is highly unlikely that any significant non-linearity exists in the ear.
If it really worked that way it would be trivial to demonstrate. Alas, it doesn't.
No. It won't.
Which, since it's a psychoacoustic phenomenon, wouldn't hold true when the partials involved are above the audible spectrum.