What do you consider advanced? Keeping in mind, of course, that cocaine was legal in the US until ne'er-do-well do-gooders decided they knew better for everyone. That is why we have Coca Cola, which is a formulation of Mr. John Pemberton's Cocaine-Fortified Wine. It's only very recently that we have decided to start imprisoning people for the simple fact of putting things into their bodies.

So, again, what do you consider advanced? If we go back to the foundations of Western civilization, we find the Greeks quite enjoyed getting high on many interesting substances. The Romans and Egyptians as well.

What about native populations on the US continent? The Peyote tribe literally have a mescaline-bearing cactus named after them, along with all the various substances known to the South Americans before the Spaniards decided to put the torch to their accumulated cultural practices. (c.f. The Florentine Codex)

The histories of China and India are also rife with periods of legalized substance use, some good and some bad.

But to your question: yes, there have been many advanced civilizations whom have been "gung-ho" about legalized drugs.

Other than religious proscriptions against alcohol, I can't think of any civilization in history that has outright banned any drugs. Were the Romans, Egyptians or Persians especially anti-drug? Any of the ancient Indian or Chinese kingdoms and empires?

On the other hand, cannabis has a long tradition of use in ancient India[1].

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_India

Most civilizations, at least in your meaning of the term, never had to deal with the problem much. For much of Europe's history, the only known drug of consequence was booze, and it wasn't easy to make. Economy's simply weren't diversified enough that some could be drunks, they'd have nothing to pay for booze with and no one was going to let them freeload and drink all the good stuff besides.

Most of the drugs that are a problem for us are late 19th century or 20th century inventions. Sure, there are some others here and there... in their most diluted, least problematic forms. But that's about it.

A better question than yours would be "when has criminalizing drugs ever done any of the things we might hope it would do?"... but it's a difficult question that most people want to avoid. That they're willing to accept dishonest, fallacious answers for.

Any civilization that would use violence against non-violent offenders cannot be defined as advanced.

Before the invention of antibiotics almost all medicine was nonsense and the drugs available were mostly alcohol, cocaine, opium, aspirin and caffeine. It is only since the 1950s that there is a huge amount of different drugs and mass production on top of it.

Canada is pretty much fine with drugs, as well as California