This is about asking the cell network where the phone is. This is not about asking the phone where the phone is.
In the US, E911 requires all phones to be able to report their physical location. Phone companies may use this ability to respond to police location requests. I don't know one way or another, but it seems likely.
The E911 laws, though, only require that the location information be obtained and forwarded when the call is placed.
So, I don't know. I don't know anything beyond that.