Your strategy works if you name a "negotiable" number that is higher than what you really want to make, but near the employer's upper bound for the position. Guess right, and you'll be negotiated down to a number that is mutually acceptable. Guess too low, and you'll be under-paid. Guess too high, and you'll be bounced without further negotiation. No matter what you do, the onus is on you to guess correctly the numbers on the employer's sheet. That's why saying the first number is bad when you're negotiating with a more knowledgeable opponent.
If you've had a lot of success with the "anchoring" method, it's likely because you're not coming close to the upper bound of the pay range that your employers had pre-determined for their positions.
(1) The times you are asking your counterpart to spend "her own money" (from her budget, outside her range, etc)
(2) The times you're asking your counterpart to spend play money.
It's always helpful to remember when you're hesitant to ask someone at a big company to pay you for your product or service that they aren't paying you out of their own pocket.
This hasn't been my experience. My experience has been if they want you then they'll find a way to make it work.
If you don't fit in one grid then they'll just bump you up to the next grid.
The people I was thinking of were the team leads and managers.
These are the people I've dealt with and I am. We do, at least in every company I've worked for, have the ability to say I want this person, lets make it work wrt salary.
Now obviously this has limits; a developer can't come in and expect to be the highest paid person in an established company:). But if the person's demands fit anywhere on the salary grid, and their abilities match, then they are almost assured of getting hired at their desired salary.
We don't create a salary range when we create a position.
But the reply alongside mine nails it quite well - the HR staff has no authority to bump you up. You earn what they pay for that position and that's all the HR people can do.
Those ranges are so large that in most cases they're pretty much irrelevant. If you're a good enough candidate, they'll make it work. Why you would want to knowingly under pay yourself just for this particular job?
I haven't had a change to use this yet, though....
EDIT: information wants to be free etc. http://drop.io/precision_of_the_anchor_etc