It allows one to see what’s below the surface (sketches or painted-over parts)
Researchers also use all kinds of machinery to figure out how paintings were made, what materials were used, etc.
A painting by Rembrandt was put in a synchrotron, for example (https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-discover-unusual-compou...)
Fuller sets of angles also is fairly normal and must have happened for some of van Gogh’s paintings, since you can or could buy 3D prints of them (https://all3dp.com/3d-printing-van-gogh-painting/)
http://boschproject.org/book_links.html
where you can compare the visible light with some kind of UV (I guess? you have to buy the book to find out), eg:
http://boschproject.org/view.html?mode=curtain&layout=top-ma...