The domain is/was uspexlocrts.info and at the time, a whois lookup showed that it had been registered just a few hours before I received the SMS on my phone. There was a subsequent modification about a month later.
The whois information is largely redacted, with only the state/province and country field showing up as Beijing, CN.
I ended up submitting all the information via the (authentic) usps customer inquiry interface and basically asked them to deal with it however they saw fit.
A few days later, when I tried visiting the page again, I noticed that the site had been added to Chrome as a potential phishing site (attempting to visit the site first shows the all-red Chrome warning page instead).
Finally, on the 15th of March, I received a response from the USPS:
-- Dear <Customer>,
Thank you for contacting the USPS® Internet Customer Care Center.
"Smishing", a form of phishing, is an unsolicited SMS (text) message. Victims will typically receive a deceptive text message that is intended to lure the recipient into providing their personal or financial information. These scams often attempt to impersonate a government agency, bank, or other company to lend legitimacy to their claims. Common lures include “your account has been suspended,” “there is suspicious activity on your account”, "there is a problem with your shipping address" and “there is a package waiting for you at the Post Office.” To report USPS-related smishing: Please visit the United States Postal Inspection Service ® smishing page at https://www.uspis.gov/news/scam-article/smishing/ for additional information and reporting steps.
If you have any additional questions or concerns, please contact us again.
Thank you for emailing your Postal Service™,
USPS Internet Customer Care Center