Ancient Egyptian followers of a deity called Bes may have used hallucinogens
arstechnica.com
arstechnica.com
That's how you see God.
It sure beats reading old books.
The consequences of illiteracy is finding God through Earth.
No need to find God through the Earth, if you think someone else did and wrote it down.
Just gotta pick the right book.
We know building mind palaces/the loci method was part of the curriculum in Greece and Rome. And thus conceivably likely of most peoples of that time that had a complex culture lasting hundreds or thousands of years.
That's why knowledge about hallucinogen use in those times is scarce. You may find chemical evidence. We know of hallucinogen use everywhere in ancient times mainly because of this. See e.g. [1]. But inscriptions of details of rituals in e.g. stone are pretty non-existent. Most likely hallucinogen use was simply too 'everyday' to warrant such treatment.
"And after the pharaoh crushed his enemies he munged on a magic mushroom." was probably just as mundane as "And after the allies won WW2, all the commanders sat down together and had a beer."
[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20140821182342/http://www.hallof...