Having universal healthcare 100% free at the point of use is unusual. French people, like most Europeans, do pay out of pocket for healthcare, it's just heavily subsidized and regulated.
In europe(DACH) there is something called "drg" for example.
For example here(switzerland)
https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/versicherungen/krankenv...
(Hard to find ressources in english)
The system is different because it's designed to have a pricing system with health insurances and also far away from perfect. But the treatments etc are standardized.