Low interest environments exist because liquidity is growing in the financial system. As that liquidity escapes into the consumer system, which it always does, it causes inflation.
So, in your list the only true cause of inflation remains.
What is inflation? It’s prices going up. Or quality of service going down while priced the same. What is “supply chain disruption”, now? It is: you should pay more for the same delivery service, or if you refuse - your delivery will be delayed. “It’s not inflation, it’s just supply chain disruption” - was a political slogan then. No need to repeat it now: inflation is officially here already.
Housing, the stock market, crypto.
Supply of goods and services could mostly keep up with any increased demand so you didn't see inflation so obviously there.
However that allows bank A to loan 100% of their money to bank B and 100% to bank C.
This is extremely problematic. And now with bank failures they are too scared to put it back in place.
Just this concept alone creates huge inflation.
Crypto is gambling to me, so let's ignore that for my post.
Housing is mostly about debt financing (the same is true for commercial real estate). It is always true that financing rates have a large impact on valuations. People mostly buy homes on the monthly payment (cars too). If rates rise, they monthly payments rise. Most people will elect to buy a cheaper home, or wait for prices to fall.
$200k in the 80s would be $600k buying power now. But it’s barely middle class.
Our society is entirely a wealth preservation scheme for people who cannot prove they did the work, they just have political documents of power.