See http://research.google.com/. Another way you can tell that this is an official Google project is the 'Google' label on the right-hand side of http://code.google.com/p/plop/, which is only added to code developed at Google that has been open-sourced.
Cheers!
I don't know about these guys, but I've always been under the impression that if you're at Google, you're using one of their "Big 4" languages.... Heck, even Norvig is using Python! (I know, he was using it before he went there... but still).
The research divisions of large companies are generally different than the production side. Researchers generally have the freedom to choose how to implement something.
Also, I don't have a PhD :-)
Neat, that's nice to know.
Does this mean, if you ever wanted your research to go "live" in a Google product, you would first have to rewrite in C++, Java, Python, or Javascript?