Ask HN: How did you get out of an echo chamber?

As a person, I've had to get out of echo chambers multiple times in my life. The first time I figured out I was stuck in one was in high school when I understood that the religious ideas parroted by my parents and some close friends were not unique to this religion, but even more importantly were often things that they hadn't really thought deeply about, blocked by taboos and peer pressure from even discussing them. Even more interestingly however, that was not what led me to question those beliefs. It happened much later due to a personal acquaintance who showed me a different religion with which I was short-term obsessed with, until I realized the inconsistencies of both my original ideas and the new ones. The point of this anecdote is not to point out that religion is an echo chamber, but that it was an echo chamber from my point of view since almost everyone around me held the same or very similar beliefs and attempts to question them were met with disdain and disapproval.

Some factors which I think made it hard to detect the echo chamber were the following: 1) There were always default, emotion based answers to respond to common doubts arising in people new to the ideology (children in this case) 2) Doubts which exceeded some limits were met with dismissal and accusations of non-believing instead of reasonable discussion. This invariably caused self-doubt or cognitive dissonance until you would rationalize an idea forcefully. 3) The ideology was deeply connected with many aspects of every day life. You could not have a "proper" marriage without adhering to the rules. There were specific rules for how to behave and what opinions are acceptable. 4) Non-adherance to the rules was met with concern for your well-being or was treated as a betrayal. 5) Multiple authority figures (eg. school teachers) would take the responsibility of teaching the group ideology in addition to what they were supposed to be authoritative on. 6) There was a binary, two uncompromising sides, us vs them 7) Most importantly, there was the illusion that all "normal" people in the world share our common beliefs and if they don't, then they're either misguided, stupid or evil.

Unfortunately, even knowing these signs, it's hard to not get trapped yet again into other echo chambers. Sometimes within these chambers there are people I admire or plain like. Sometimes their ideas can be liberating when you are stuck in another echo chamber. Sometimes it feels good to boost my sense of superiority by mocking the other "dumber" groups. But all of this can have an isolating, stressful and even toxic effect on my life if and when it happens.

So I'm asking to get inspired by you. How did you detect your echo chambers and how did you get out? Also has this helped your life in any way?