1) what is the carbon footprint of an EV vehicle when we are recycling batteries
2) what is the carbon footprint of an EV as we increase efficiency/range
3) what is the carbon footprint of an ICE as they increase range
The reason this might be interesting is that EVs, I believe, are still in their infancy and are likely to continue to see considerable jumps in efficiency.
ICE vehicles are not seeing these efficiency gains at the same rate. The technology is fairly stale. However ICE cars are getting more powerful. With a 2l 4 cylinder engine now getting 200+ hp, which I think would have been unimaginable a decade ago.
So where do these developments run in the future?