Sweden's 250-year-old Freedom of the Press Act gets UNESCO status
sverigesradio.se
sverigesradio.se
Back when this was written, things were very different. Heck even 30 years ago, things were very different.
The Enlightenment fathers seemed to have this ideal that well reasoned thoughts would somehow find their way to the top of decision making, if only we would let people speak their minds.
What they don't seem to have given much thought is how commercial interests influence what message goes out, the scale of distribution, and lately the changing nature of who gets to talk.
I don't know what the solution is, but I do think there's a problem.
This is like when old people claim that Person X is not poor because they have a smartphone.
They still think about smartphones as a luxury item and do not understand that in Lambeth London you can't even register a birth and get a birth certificate without a smartphone.
The issue is not isolated to kleptocracies, many western countries are backsliding.
UK government has insane libel laws, they allowed the head of notorious Wagner group to sue UK journalist for libel in Britain. At the time head of Wagner was under international sanctions for war crimes. The journalist was reposting on the very same war crimes.
He was taking advantage of the same laws that protect extremely wealthy people in Britain, whether domestic or foreign.
Freedom of press needs investigative reporting, serious institutions to do research, etc. Without them, all you have is crazy people spreading conspiracy theories on social media.
Governments and people of power are attempting to surpress free speech as hard as ever today in most of the world, including your example Britain, or why not Australia or Brazil. The difference is that with the internet, speech is much more free _as practiced_ than ever before.
Your talk of "crazy conspiracy theorists" doesn't reflect well on the rest of your comment. This is a term that has been used very much as a slur to oppress free speech. It's basically the modern equivalent of calling somebody a heretic. Many of the people doing the investigative reporting you're calling for have to endure being called this when people do not agree with their reporting.
I think a more expansive view would ask the question of whether our discourse is improved at all, particularly political discourse.
It's called "the press" because of the printing press. Could you think of some single individuals who have had massive impact on their societies by expressing themselves through printing pamphlets and books?
Yet what "the press" means is "the body of news and journalism organisations". It is very possible to have a heavily constrained press, while individuals who are not the press and not part of the press have much more freedom to say what they like into the aether.
Here is what the Swedish National Archive writes on the subject, and I share the same view:
"When freedom of the press was introduced in 1766, many people wanted to express their opinions and spread their ideas. At this time, it was through shorter publications that people could communicate and reach many readers. A flood of printed material emerged, completely uncensored."
Some printers started to print the minutes of the courts to distribute them to the public. This way, people could read and see for themselves how the country was run and information could be disseminated in a completely different way than before. This became a profitable business idea. Freedom of the press and the principle of public access became a weapon for ordinary people against those in power and their decisions."
Not under the common definition of the press. By all means have a different definition, but if you do, it's only fair that you state up front that you mean something other than the common definition.
To make an analogy: A musician is no less of an artist because he or she performs as a solo act, rather than as part of a band.
I want to say I'm all for the ability to update the constitution, but with the way society is headed these days, it would be a regression; it would draw more power to individuals, it would reduce people's rights, etc. That's my fear anyway, I can't say for sure whether that will be the case.
That's a very interesting theory. Sweden's laws didn't develop in a vacuum, no doubt also being influence by both British and French thinkers, and perhaps also Germans. Bordering Denmark-Norway also had very liberal press laws, and during the 1770's the most liberal in the entire world.
So, you could just as easily say that it is rather because of the liberal laws that major revolutions and oppression of the people were avoided in these countries (while there were certainly disputes in regards to general national hegemony, but then we're taking one nation-state versus another, and not so much the state versus the people).
The result? General notion is the government is jackasses and fuck authority in general. Which is vastly different from trust-the-government feeling in, for example, Sweden. This was (and still is, decades later) the biggest cultural shock to me.
Dunno what's a good analogy. It's like Japan, except the a-bombs fell during the Edo period and the entire country was like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsx2vdn7gpY for 150 years.
The point is that public thought stagnates and rots once it’s impossible to publish dissenting opinions and a sucking swamp of apparent conformity sets in. A central government is inordinately efficient at enforcing such conformity, so it shouldn’t get the chance to, thus the conventional formulation.
I’d expect that when that when the idea was first being established, a government was perhaps the only kind of entity with wide enough reach to enforce this. (Maybe along with a couple of paragovernments like the Catholic Church and the India Companies.) That’s not the case today. It’s telling that GP mentions a radio broadcaster, because radio caused a centralization of news like nothing before it (as often outside the direct control of governments as under it), and while the Internet had an opportunity to reverse that, except for a brief moment it mostly did not.
And we still technically have freedom of the press?
In the West, how does the government shadowban me from my own Mastodon instance and my own hosted blog? Or Truth Social or Gab?
"most of the mainstream media view criticism of immigration and Islam as a form of hate speech"
That is, a journalist can report on immigration, but a personal opinion (or criticism) has no place in the news itself.
Journalism and personal opinions or interpretations of the news should be kept separate IMO.
> In November 2010, Sweden issued a European arrest warrant for Assange over allegations of sexual assault, which he denied and said that the warrant was a pretext for a further extradition to the United States over his role in the publication of secret U.S. military documents. After losing his battle against extradition to Sweden, he breached bail and took refuge in the Embassy of Ecuador in London in June 2012. He was granted asylum by Ecuador in August 2012 on the grounds of political persecution and fears he might be extradited to the United States. Swedish prosecutors dropped their investigation in 2019, saying their evidence had "weakened considerably due to the long period of time that has elapsed since the events in question".
/s
https://www.chydenius.net/tiedostot/worlds_first_foia.pdf
Note that the Act includes also the world's first FOI law. Other countries were centuries behind.
All European governments have instituted "Data protection authorities" to work for them. When a journalist, citizen, or other investigator sends a request for information or documents that the people in government wants to hide, they will call on this authority. Before GDPR they simply had to give out these documents, because it is completely clear in the laws that the public should have access to them. Now they have an option for not giving out public information they don't want to be seen, by calling on their "Data protection authority". This authority will then do everything to stall the process. They will send a bunch of questions to the person who required the documents, such as what backup software they use, where are the servers located (which is of course sensitive information), etc etc.
If they find anything from the United States among the software like Google software or whatnot, they will deny sending the public documents requested. They will write "Since you are using e-mail from the United States, you will break GDPR law if you get these documents". Of course they are themselves sending this message through a Microsoft cloud service in the USA that the government uses. Mission accomplished for them and documents remain hidden.
These European data protection authorities deliberately make the false interpretation of the law that any name of a person in any document should be protected information under GDPR in order to hide information that should be publicly available. It seems the main purpose of the GDPR laws has been this, to help governments combat public transparency. And to put up annoying cookie banners - even on the government radio website that OP links to.
If you actually care about media freedom, you already know that your comment is entirely false. Concentration of media ownership, state censorship, media independence, harassment of and violence against journalists, declining media pluralism, state surveillance and abuse of national security laws, etc., not the GDPR, are real threats.
https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/medias/file/2022/04/RSF_...
"If you actually care about media freedom..." - What kind of comment is that? I just made a case for transparency - and this is your reaction?
You are free to make a sustainable post here about the issues you are bringing up. "State censorship" - yes, that is what I was describing.
Abuse of GDPR laws is the largest threat in the EU right now. I should have been clear that I meant in the EU. Violence against journalism is always the most serious threat, but it is not the largest threat, since it is rare.
While abuse of the GDPR by public authorities does happen, this statement is still not true. What they are mostly abusing is related to alleged security issues and over-interpretation of the laws governing confidentiality of information. In fact, the GDPR has substantially improved mishandling of citizens' data by public authorities, although there is still much to improve.
And that has zero to do with my comment, which was not about wether GDPR is good or bad as a thing, but how these laws are being abused by governments in order to hide public information.
If this abuse is allowed to continue and expand, it is on the course to become the biggest freedom of press problem in the EU, unless something else comes up. Thereby the largest threat.
Now you are on the right track; you should just specify to which "these laws" refer to. As I said, the GDPR is hardly the main culprit; it governs personal data, which is usually of little value beyond gossip magazines and crime "journalism". The real abuses of FOI are elsewhere.
A real life example for you:
A list of people and organisations who have received public funds within a certain government program. On that list are politicians and people in government don't want this information to get out. The data protection authority comes in handy and intervenes in the FOI request by claiming that the list has personal data since it has names of people. These are the people who are supposed to know GDPR law in and out, after all it's their job. So they should know that a name in itself is not personal data, but instead blatantly abuse their power.
> The real abuses of FOI are elsewhere.
Speak out then about these abuses, why not make a sustainable contribution to this discussion?
While I agree that this kind of interpretation of the GDPR is clear abuse and should be brought to a court, I doubt whether DPAs are involved; it is more like poorly educated civil servants are incorrectly interpreting a law on their own.
"Speak out then about these abuses, why not make a sustainable contribution to this discussion?"
As I said, most of the abuses related to FOI trace to incorrect and zealous interpretation of confidentiality, including commercial confidentiality and secrecy on the grounds of security. It is difficult to discuss these issues at a general level since there has not been harmonization in the EU on this area.
But I can give you one example: here in Finland national security is nowadays pretty much a hush-hush topic since they convicted a couple of journalists for revealing alleged "national secrets" that were not really "secrets" for anyone following cyber security. It dropped Finland's ranking:
Here various state agencies also abuse local FOI law(s) with vague confidentiality claims that have little to do with the GDPR. See for instance:
https://archiverosaefp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IVJADP...
I'm very familiar with that particular example I gave you. It was the DPA that made that claim. If you believe that I'm just making things up or lying, what is then the purpose of our discussion?
Maybe the DPA are poorly educated (about data protection) civil servants in some cases. That is certainly possible, and then the question is why they were put in that position of authority?
As for DPAs, it is well-documented that there are a lot misbehaving authorities in Europe. For exactly this reason, the GDPR provides, in Article 78, a right to an effective judicial remedy against a DPA. This right should be used more often.
> why they were put in that position of authority?
Political nominations offer one potential explanation.
Yet, these things differ across Europe. There are also some highly educated Ph.D.-level civil servants and engineers working in DPAs.
Then stand up and name a company and I'll find a user of their service and get them to make a GDPR request. If there's any truth to it I'll add it to HN.
I have made several requests and this is not at all what I have been met with. I also follow Noyb closely and this does not sound like something they meet often either (and if they do, they will sue I'm sure).
>Since you are using e-mail from the United States, you will break GDPR law if you get these documents"
I'd like to see proof, or I'll call that out as a lie. I have received documents at a Microsoft and Google mail.
Actually, this reads very much like an American trying to describe GDPR.
For one, these DPA decisions are confidential, or at least that's what they write when they give them. Secondly, do you think I will put my own privacy and the privacy of others in jeopardy in order to satisfy you? Even if I sent you the evidence you would refuse to acknowledge it, because you already know what you want to believe - as is your right.
> I have received documents at a Microsoft and Google mail.
Of course! They will not have a problem with any of that if they don't have a problem with giving out the information. It is when they don't want to give out some information that it is suddenly a problem that you use Outlook or GMail. In a majority of cases the public servants will have no issue with giving out requested information. 99% of times things work correctly and smoothly.
I asked for a company/service name. If you can't give out that then clearly you have already said too much or you haven't got a name to give.
This:
>99% of times things work correctly and smoothly.
and this:
>The largest threat against the free press right now is the EUs GDPR laws and how they are now systematically abused by European governments
Do definitly NOT agree with each other...
Luckily Russians liberated Finland and first real Finnish newspaper was published soon after the war in 1820.
The same one who did this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban#:~:text=T.... a few years later? Seem like real freedom of speech loving bunch…