Progress is made by most people not needing deep understanding. There's only so much attention to go around. If people really needed to understand most of the things they dealt with, little would get done.
He doesn't mean deep understanding of the subject matter. He means detailed knowledge about the inner workings. Those are different. For his database example, deep understanding would involve understanding third normal form, the history of databases from ISAM to CODASYL through relational databases to large key-value stores, with a side trip into eventually-consistent systems. Understanding the inner workings is knowing how an InnoDB table in MySQL is represented on disk.