I can right click a program and click "Outsource" and send it to the cloud.
For example, I could have my data synchronized and indexed remotely (on cloud instances I control), for searches to happen against the cloud for finding resources fast locally. The searches would be extremely performant because there is more cloud resources than the local machine. Search can be parallelised and distributed.
Another idea of a cloud integrated desktop is to have my settings, open programs and their states synchronized with the cloud, a bit like Linux workstations that you can resume execution from anywhere.