iPhone maker Wistron quits, saying Apple didn't let it make a profit
9to5mac.com
9to5mac.com
this is what apple does. they use their clout, then they turn their back and play ignorant whilst placing unrealistic demands on the subcontractors who then place those demand on the labour.
from: https://www.macrumors.com/2023/02/14/only-half-of-indian-iph...
> "Apple engineers told that Chinese iPhone suppliers and government officials have a "whatever it takes" approach to win iPhone orders, work was often completed weeks ahead of schedule at "inexplicable speed". In India, [we] are not running at this pace. "There just isn't a sense of urgency," one Apple engineer remarked."
Remember, this is a $3 trillion company, with resources greater than most countries. A company built on tight control of information. If you see lots of positive or misdrecting comments, it's not necessarily a coincidence (imo).
[1] Kid sized hand prints on old victorian roof tiles, https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/13oser2/...
[2] 2022, Child Labor and the Human Rights Violations Embedded in Producing Technology, https://www.culawreview.org/journal/child-labor-and-the-huma...
[3] https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/04/apple-will-use-100-pe...
They might just as well change their sources now, or after 2025. The trillions are already in their banks; the children that mined until now are dead or close to; we, the consuming public, have been compromised because we like shiny toys (I own quite a few Apple products, at least a dozen children, they are so frail, must have been murdered to manufacture them); all is great. All that's left is to think of a truly unimaginable science fiction story: a $2.7+ trillion company is found guilty for the death of one single child and the company is dissolved.
* corrected spelling the author's name.
**https://www.amazon.com/United-States-Wal-Mart-John-Dicker/dp...
https://www.amazon.com/United-States-Wal-Mart-John-Dicker/dp...
The inverse is not true, as you are unlikely to find any vendor who Walmart makes 5%+ of all their sales dollars off of.
So Walmart can generally turn to any of these vendors and say - we will evaporate 5% of your sales overnight if you don't give into demand, and send all our orders to some competitor.
Traditionally, businesses build a reputation and customers learn where to find them (a physical location). They then become and stay profitable. Anyone depending on a monopolist for its pay-to-sell strategy won't usually reach profitability. The monopolist might be as small as a greedy feudal lord in the middle ages. Today we have Apple/Google etc
<< If they don't do it, someone else will
That is the interesting part. The pressure is so high that people are willing to forego their own self-interest and basic critical thinking skills, because someone will do it at or below cost anyway. It is great for Walmart, but it would explain why so many businesses fail so hard. They are way too nice to the other party.
Here the vendors are simply making less money because their product is part of a highly competitive marketplace.
Here the vendors are simply making less money because their product is part of a highly competitive marketplace. Furthermore, their position is weakened because they are poorly differentiated from their competition.
Walmart took it a step further - they have information for their employees on how to do that efficiently, rather than paying a living wage.
That's our stock market though. If Walmart isn't squeezing on costs, then it needs to make that up in gross revenue otherwise the stock will suffer.
Is it possible to be "ethical" in how you define it, when the financial market performance of the company is largely dependent on this?
> Especially if you're already one of the richest companies to ever exist.
How do you think they got there in the first place?
If they succeeded (many didn't, ending in bankruptcy), the supplier was now trapped: no one could offer Walmart levels of volume, which the supplier now had to operate at to make a profit. Walmart could come back next year and demand lower prices. They famously joked amongst themselves that their goal was to drive out all profit for their suppliers.
Vlassic Pickles is the classic example of a company that took the offer, rebuilt themselves, and became massively larger than they were before.
I worked at a manufacturer for several years in IT. Walmart was a customer, but only in a limited way (i.e., without requiring huge volumes and service levels[0]). Our main competitor, Rubbermaid, was a tier 1 supplier. When Rubbermaid's main factory in the segment burned down, Rubbermaid withdrew from Walmart as a supplier, citing low profit margins. We got the call to come to Bentonville, where they offered us the chance to replace Rubbermaid, which would mean a fundamental restructuring of our entire operation to service them. We (wisely) declined.
[0] An example of the service level required: Walmart would send an order by EDI that would include a two hour window for delivery, 24 hours out, for a store. That meant you had to have inventory and drivers within a certain distance from every Walmart location so that you could immediately pick the order, get it on a truck, and arrive at the store within that two hour window.
I met an independent trucker who said he sometimes did pressure relief for a large logistics company but would refuse any Walmart deliveries (not to the stores, to central warehouses). He claimed they gave you a 15 min delivery slot on a cross country route, they only way to avoid penalties was to aim to be there hours early and wait on your slot. He said it basically added 3-6 unpaid hours for every trip, and wasn't worth it.
Mouldy pickles aint good.
Underutilized trucks aint good either.
Remember that when somebody starts talking about how what we have is just a Free Market and the market forces make everything optimized and smooth.
Yes it does, but we don't have a perfect Free Market. It's as elusive as the the perfect Communism.
(Mother Nature is a neutral judge though and keeps score.)
Apple meets India, nothing new. They'll just have to adapt.
This is what globalism does. Take the environmental destruction and shitty working conditions that would never be allowed in your own country to other countries and centralize the profits from doing so into the hands of a few.
Globalism permits to all countries around the globe to develop.
Nobody is preventing these countries to set laws about environment and working condition (which they actually do).
And by the way, I invite you to go to these countries and visit the factories there, and you will realize that western companies are raising standards (security and quality) on their suppliers.
He was wrong though, it appears, no? I mean one could argue that there would be more wars without globalism (I'd counter argue there would be less weapons) but one cannot say "globalism prevents wars" in general.
There's absolutely a big push to keep employment laws as well as other laws „flexible“. And keep salaries as low as realistically possible. Otherwise MUH INVESTORS will go somewhere else. To be fair, it's not (just) foreign investors. Local elite is making $$$ providing support to incoming companies. Real estate moguls, construction companies, subcontractors etc.
Ultimately it is a race to the bottom to appease the sacred investor and let local elite enrich themselves.
What he said, by implication, was "read a book on macroeconomics".
I like HN a lot but for this type of topic, its consistently, desperately, and annoyingly un-objective (if thats a word). I do get that we humans tend to form echo chambers by ourselves just to validate our viewpoints and decisions however subjective they may be, but I expect a bit more than what I see here from some of the smartest folks on Earth.
Their influence is very visible also in other places, ie otherwise great web for photography - dpreview.com is a pure echo chamber for Apple. Every apple product is discussed in details and glorified, any problems are completely ignored. Most competition is given almost 0 coverage, especially direct competitors or those that currently surpass some of their tech at given time. And we don't talk US-vs-China stuff, many phone manufacturers don't have any China ties at all, or are outright US companies.
There is no way in hell Apple is not pouring tons of cash into ironing their fuckups, or just errors in judgement, infrequent as they are, and HN is way too visible and important to not be part of such an operation. To skip it would be a very junior mistake, and there are no juniors in this space in 2023, not with richest company globally.
I've never heard this phrase from anyone that wasn't nakedly seeking power and compliance from others.
Years later I started hearing it in business too, as if management circles thought it would be useful in increasing production rates. Not accounting for the fact that levels of urgency similar to military training may not be sustainable in peacetime, and result in workforce burnout and other problems.
A better alternative I’ve seen in high-impact academic research groups is “focus”, rather than urgency. Focused effort produces research results, and can even be energizing rather than draining and burnout inducing. I would hope business circles would adopt that academic approach rather than the military one.
High focus and high intensity is not sustainable over duration. Performance degrades over time without recovery.
And right there the topic drowns in whataboutisms before it disappears from the frontpage.
Apple very well may have unrealistic demands, but I believe it's also likely that Wistron may not have dealt with the level of QC, precision, and consistency that is expected of Apple products and based their estimates on experiences of working with more typical hardware companies.
Apple also pays suppliers on net 90. With inflation the way it's been, any miscalculation there will sink things. Not all suppliers know how to be banks too. Considering how much cash Apple has, this is really reprehensible.
As a supplier to Apple, the gross numbers are so seductive since they are larger than just about anything else, but the net numbers are orders of magnitude less.
No successful company is over-paying suppliers.
You can argue (and I will argue) that Apple's skill at squeezing their suppliers while still maintaining reliable supply chains is a huge part of why they're the biggest company in the world (and also why Tim Cook and not Scott Forstall or Jony Ive succeeded Jobs). That squeezing has real human costs, which Apple is insulated from.
They've outsourced the majority of their labor (and related liability) to a global cadre of high-volume, low margin suppliers, while capturing most of the value created by that labor by owning the Apple brand and maintaining tight control of information, resulting in an asymmetric risk/reward profile for Apple inc.
Large companies who've already scaled up their products are more incentivized to focus on cost cutting.
If Apple did not over-pay their suppliers, the M1 would not have been manufactured on the 5nm node.
But to be fair, that's what hardware manufacturers are supposed to be good at.
The whole point is that the ones who are good at it make money, the ones who aren't go out of business. That's capitalism in a nutshell at every level, and manufacturing especially.
I've always been surprised at how much of the business world runs on credit. You hear stories about how payments have been months-years delayed (or never show up).
I'd like to think if somebody got more than 100days behind I'd cut them off from the next shipment but never been in that spot.
I recall someone who had several on-site RedHat engineers at his company, doing some kind of Linux work. The company missed one Friday payment to RedHat. Every single RedHat engineer was gone the following Monday, never to return.
Why would you think that? There's no need to think that at all when considering the actions of Apple.
it probably is a room full of parts and to win you have to commit to the non present parts too.
just like fashion production bids btw
Now, you may criticize that this holds vendors over a barrel and squeezes them to narrow margins, etc. But at least give Apple credit for having a view to the long run and trying to create a pool of vendors that it can rely on in a sustainable way, and not just some surge capacity for the next quarter only to drop them. Apple thinks longer than that. Their procurement function is quite skilled.
And it's not like the vendors would magically have some source of business at better terms than Apple that would be good for them in the long run either. You want suppliers to somehow be raking in great margins in excess of what was "fair"? You want an employer who's more clueless and lets you make lots of extra on the top?
A successful supplier to Apple knows what it's capable of and what its costs are, signs on to grow with Apple and become successful, and share in the practices that make a company efficient, skilled, productive. They can choose to join this train. Or not. It's voluntary.
I’m not sure either are a great source to be honest.
A big reason Foxconn, Winstron, and other Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean assemblers were able to succeed in Mainland China was due to cultural competency within the existing Chinese diaspora (eg. knowing how to communicate to who, how to manage workers, etc).
Foxconn, Winstron, and co would just straight up have Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean/Thai Chinese move to Mainland China (in reality mostly Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang due to cultural and familial connections plus the easy commute from Hong Kong or Shanghai) to help manage operations.
Taiwanese companies don't have that kind of advantage within South Asia. At that point, it makes sense just to work directly with Indian conglomerates like Tata, who already have in house domain experience manufacturing everything due to India's Chaebol-esque corporate culture, or Japanese+Korean companies that are open to training from scratch.
I've seen first hand how South Korean and Japanese companies managed their assembly plants in my dad's village in India (they manfuacture the electronics and computers for Wind Turbines) and it was a night and day difference to a similar attempted Taiwanese operation there.
The difference was SK+JP companies would actually try to hire management locally, and if there wasn't anyone qualified, then invest in actually training from scratch, or alternatively, make a partnership with an existing company in India to help manage the local operation.
Meanwhile, the attempted Taiwanese operation underbid severely, saw significant timeline overruns, tried to manage everything in-house, and the project was eventually scrapped and given to a private sector South Korean-Indian consortium. There was also a bit of corruption/malfeasance with the Taiwanese operation which pissed people off in the district.
All this happened in the 2009-2012 timeframe
Anyway Tata feels like a good fit, always felt like matter of time before audit/tax or political shenanigans drive foreign electronics assemblers out and eventually consolidate under India champions. Still seems a little premature, but I remember numbers last year that 2500/12000 registered forreign companies closed Indian operations since mid 10s, so maybe it's time for India chaebols to take over.
Haha yep, I've heard similar stories in Vietnam as well. Idk why but Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean management culture is absolutely atrocious compared to Japanese+SK management culture. All of them share equally shitty work cultures, but at least the Japanese+SK ones actually tried to train people from scratch. I really don't know why Taiwanese/Malaysian/Singaporean companies don't do that as well.
> always felt like matter of time before audit/tax or political shenanigans drive foreign electronics assemblers out and eventually consolidate under India champions
Ehn, India's a federal system so financial+political shenanigans are highly dependent on the state's political and business culture.
It's the same in PRC ofc, with the administration in Guangdong/Zhejiang/Fujian being much more competent than the administration in Yunnan, Hunan, or Hubei.
That said, knowing about these intricacies requires cultural domain experience, which can only be acquired by training+hiring locally, or working with local players.
> I remember numbers last year that 2500/12000 registered forreign companies closed Indian operations since mid 10s, so maybe it's time for India chaebols to take over
I'd be curious about the breakdown by nationality.
After the Doklam standoff in 2017, Indian Federal Regulators began cracking down on Chinese FDI severely (which before 2018 was one of the largest FDI inflows India received), which lead those firms to divest their operations to Indian, Korean, Taiwanese or Japanese corporations.
For example, Xiaomi India's operation was originally run from Mainland China itself, but they were forced to sell their India operation to a Taiwanese-Indian consortium, so the only Chinese thing left of Xiaomi India is just the name.
> India System
Does lobbying power from Tata or Adani influence over said politics? Seems like they have competence and connections to take over failed foreign ventures. Not implying it's coordinated, but domestic players have a lot to gain. And probably better cultural experience to run these operations after capital is setup in country. I imagine Indian chaebols have more ability to control unrest, vs in PRC tight relationship with Foxconn essentially delegates crowd control to compliant local govs.
>breakdown by nationality
This is first article I found: https://www.deccanherald.com/business/business-news/why-mncs...
>A slew of big names including German retailer Metro AG, Swiss building-materials firm Holcim, US automaker Ford, UK banking major Royal Bank of Scotland, US bikemaker Harley-Davidson and US banking behemoth Citibank have chosen to pull the plug their operations in India or downsize their presence here in recent years.
I think SKR took over the GM plant. I'm pretty sure JP expansion in India stalled last few years during covid but reporting last few months seems like SKR + JP is going to give it another go. If they can make it work long term, and hopefully they can, good on them.
It seems like the older generation of Taiwanese who came to age in the 70s and 80s have a bit of a superiority complex over the rest of poor Asia.
Tbf, Koreans and Japanese do as well (Korean and Japanese investors in ASEAN are total sleezeballs in my experience), but due to manpower constraints they at least try to develop local institutional capacity, while Taiwanese companies could always resort to hiring from within the PRC or the ASEAN Chinese diaspora.
> Does lobbying power from Tata or Adani influence over said politics?
Business lobbying within India is similar to that which happens in PRC. The same way you'd have local companies that are indirectly connected to local prefecture leaders (eg. The entire Construction industry within China), a similar thing exists in India.
That said, a lot of this is highly dependent on industry. High Value Sectors such as Pharmaceuticals, ICT, Petrochemicals, Automotive, Banking, and Green Technology can largely bypass all the local lobbying bullshit because the state and federal regulators for those tend to have domain experience because of 40-50 years of regulatory harmonization thanks to guidance from Japan (via the ADB), US (via the WB and Diaspora Academics), SK (via Look South), Israel (mostly under the radar but Israeli advisors are pretty prominent within Indian policymaking circles), and Australia (Australia 2035). That said, the industries listed above tend to not hire as much.
In labor heavy industries such as low skilled manufacturing, assembly, agriculture, construction, mining, etc you will face an extreme amount of lobbying and backroom dealing due to how heavily dependent such industries are to local laws and regulations, and also because they directly impact actual voters, plus direct action is a very common occurrence (often with tacit support from the local opposition - could be from any party be it BJP, INC, AAP, etc).
That said, this happens A LOT in China as well, it just isn't noticed in English media because any coverage of such events would be in Mandarin and on Chinese platforms such as Weibo, WeChat, Douyin, etc, while Indian coverage surrounding labor strife will occur in English on western platforms like FB, IG, etc.
Tl;dr - in my experience institutional and business norms in the PRC and India are actually pretty similar. In some cases, Chinese regulation is better than Indian ones but in other cases Indian regulations trump Chinese ones (VERY industry dependent)
> US automaker Ford, UK banking major Royal Bank of Scotland, US bikemaker Harley-Davidson and US banking behemoth Citibank have chosen to pull the plug their operations in India or downsize their presence here in recent years.
The US companies mentioned are divesting because there's an ongoing trade war between India and US (US wants India to open the agriculture sector to American imports, Indian politicians obviously don't want that as it undermines a critical voting block). This has lead to "India applied retaliatory tariffs of an additional 10% to 25%" on American goods [0]. There is a similar trade war going on with the UK as well.
Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Singapore on the other hand have implemented free trade agreements with India years ago and Israel+France have had economic pacts since the early 2000s, so unsurprisingly it's MNCs from these countries that tend to have an oversized impact in India (though within the ICT sector American companies still remain strong because of the point I made above).
In my experience, Japanese involvement hasn't really stopped in India (in fact it seems to keep growing). It's just not visible if you don't work in infrastructure - Japanese MNCs tend to dominate in Green Tech and Infrastructure projects such as the highway system, hydrogen cell R&D, automotive, and the train electrification project (already at 80% due to Pandemic era construction).
Whenever I'd visit India, I'd often see highways with signs saying "Built courtesy of grants from the Government of Japan".
This isn't to say that doing business as an MNC in India is easy - it isn't - but if you follow the right path (for example, make a Singapore, Mauritius, or UAE based corporation that has a majority ownership stake of the Indian subsidiary) it's not as difficult. Most Asian countries have done that for FDI within India, but less adept American companies seemed to have a preference and more experience with running operations from HK instead of SG.
What HK is to PRC, that's what SG, Marutius, and UAE are to India.
The ones with an actual India thesis+strategy have a Singapore subsidiary that owns the India operation, hire local operations, and also have some sort of a competitive edge.
The companies listed in the article such as Harley-Davidson and Citibank were very late entries (late 2000s and early 2010s) in very competitive and mature industries (Motorbikes and Banking), and had negative reputations (bad quality at the price point w/ Harley-Davidson and Ford, part of banking scandals w/ regards to Citibank ans RBS
A good example of a foreign company actually succeeding is John Deere India - they worked on building a strong local operation with local staff and training in the 1990s, and now John Deere is one of the major agtech brands in India, and the India operation is used in turn to export John Deere products to other parts of South Asia, ASEAN, MENA, and East Africa.
In India, being an American brand isn't enough of a differentiator, simply because by the time American companies began entering the India market in the late 90s/early 2000s, Japanese, Korean, and European (French+Italian) corporations such as Suzuki, Daewoo, Honda, Unilever, etc had an established presence and 30-50 years of India operations knowledge.
When India forced American companies to divest in the late 1970s, the Indian government invited Japanese, Korean, Italian, and French companies to help manage those nationalized companies and make 50-50 Foreign-Local partnerships. (Btw, those same American companies that were kicked out of India in the 1970s moved operations to a newly opening developing market called the People's Republic of China).
That's why you companies like Honda, Suzuki, Daewoo, Fiat have/had a massive presence in India but American companies outside of High Value industries don't.
In China in the same period on the other hand, American brands were invited with open arms so it was much easier for them to establish a presence as there wasn't as much competition, whereas India in the 70s/80s/90s already had established European, Japanese, and Korean competitors. This is starting to change since the 2010s, but will take some time as you need a Singapore operation, and most junior American companies have used a HK one.
> they do buy a ton of bulk agri products, and farm equipment... when not sanctioned
A lot of American agtechs entering the Indian market are competing with Israeli, French, Italian, Japanese, and Indigenous companies.
Israeli, French, Japanese, and Italian agtech R&D is quite strong, especially when dealing with water constrained agriculture (like a large portion of India is) plus companies in those countries are fine knowledge transferring to India (Indian corporations will manufacture and repair the previous generation model, while the French/Israeli/Italian/Japanese company sells the latest and greatest). And India has always had a strong indigenous Agtech R&D capacity, which has allowed Indian companies to become competitors of American companies as well.
For example, in Ethiopia 70% of all land acquired by Foreigners since 2008 was by Indian corporations [0] until Ethiopia nationalized Indian companies land grants in 2017. Similar stories exist across Eastern Africa such as Tanzania, Mozambique, Kenya, etc.
Also, American trade relations with India have grown leaps and bounds better since 2019, due to regulatory harmonization as well as American companies increasingly leaving China due to similar pressures that American companies faced in India in the 70s and 80s.
[0] - https://theconversation.com/the-lesser-known-story-of-indias...
"Wistron entered India in 2008 with a repair facility servicing PCs, laptops, servers and other devices it manufactured. In 2017, it started making iPhones for Apple and now makes the iPhone 14, iPhone 13, iPhone 12 and the iPhone SE. The company will continue with its repair facility."
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/wistron...
The deal really shouldn’t have happened in the first place, had Wistron played fair from day one.
Better a high trust society with some checks and balances than one ruled by "don't write down anything" sociopaths.
The better among corporations actually try to do the right thing, most of the time. But of course, if there's some kind of incident, there's still a lockdown mentality.
Simple story. Just some more Apple bashing like always.
At the end of the day, you can't always find everything even if you try really hard.
They also might have hidden this info, or even fraudes their way through.
Imagine something like due diligence laws for making business contracts, so you can't really blame plausible deniability anymore.
> Back in 2020, there was a major riot at its Bangalore plant over underpaid wages, with millions of dollars’ worth of damage done. Both the Indian government and Apple investigated, and both found that Wistron was indeed guilty of serious labor law violations, including underpayment of its workers.
[1] https://www.theapplepost.com/2023/02/26/apple-disappointed-w...
what parts can't they automate?
They're going to be in for a shock. India does not have the "submissive communist" mindset where the individual sacrifices everything for the greater good of society, tolerating near-infinite abuse and exploitation.
That loyalty model breaks much sooner. And whilst it incidentally breaks in disruptive ways (riots), more often than not it manifests as silent sabotage. There will be instability and if there's anything fatal to manufacturing...
[1] https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-says-wistron-on-probat...
(I’ll walk myself out now).